ReviewBiomolecules2025
From Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) to Polynucleotides (PNs): Bridging the Gap Between Scientific Definitions, Molecular Insights, and Clinical Applications of Multifunctional Biomolecules.
Review in Biomolecules, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Split-Scar Study: Study of Surgical Scar Using Exosomes.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Trial
- The Role of Polydeoxyribonucleotide as a Biotherapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Polynucleotides/Polydeoxyribonucleotides in Skin Biomaterials: Delivery Platforms and Bioactivity Attribution.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Hyaluronic Acid Fillers Versus Polynucleotides for Under-Eye Rejuvenation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- An Injectable Biopolymer Hydrogel Complex (PN/HA/B3) for Facial Skin Redensification and General Rejuvenation: Clinical Report on Device Safety and Efficacy.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Polydeoxyribonucleotide improves scar healing following limited scar resection for chronic Achilles tendon rupture in a rat model.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Advances in Medicalized Hair Loss Solutions: A Review of Current Clinical Practices and Regenerative Medicine-Based Protocols with Focus on Off-Label Injectable Treatments.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Oral and Intranasal Administration of Polydeoxyribonucleotide Isolated fromCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) in Dentistry: Narrative Review for Mechanisms and Emerging Clinical Applications.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Review
- Topical medium-length PDRN enhances dermal extracellular matrix repair in photodamaged skin via PI3K-Akt/TGF-β-regulated pathways.PloS one · 2026Article
- Fractional COPostepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2026Article
- Expert Perspectives: Evidence-Based Applications of Polynucleotides (PNs) in Aesthetic Medicine and Dermatology.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Anti-Aging Efficacy of Low-Molecular-Weight Polydeoxyribonucleotide Derived fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- In Vitro Evidence for Oral Soft Tissue Regenerative Effects of a Polynucleotide-Hyaluronan Formulation.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Article
- Modulating Skin Aging Molecular Targets and Longevity Drivers Through a Novel Natural Product: Rose-Derived Polydeoxyribonucleotide (Rose PDRN).Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Bio-Stimulation Effects of Various Dermal Fillers: Hyaluronic Acid-Based Polynucleotides and Microparticle Fillers in Mouse Model.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Polynucleotides Enhance Collagen Synthesis via Modulating Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase 1 in Senescent Macrophages: Experimental Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Plasma-Engineered PDRN: Surface Charge Neutralization and Nanosizing Enhance Uptake and Regeneration Potential.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Melatonin and Polydeoxyribonucleotide: Possible Benefits of Co-Treatment Effects and Potential Synergistic Applicability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) and polynucleotides (PNs) are similar DNA-derived biopolymers that have garnered significant scientific attention since the 1990s for their potential applications in wound healing and skin rejuvenation. These biopolymers exhibit a broad molecular weight (MW) range, typically spanning from 50 to 1500 kDa. However, recent studies have expanded this range to encompass fragments as small as 1 kDa and as large as 10,000 kDa. Clinically, PDRN/PN formulations, commercially available in various galenic forms (gels, creams, serums, masks, and injectables), have demonstrated promising effects in significantly promoting skin regeneration, reducing inflammation, improving skin texture, preventing scar formation, and mitigating wrinkles. Importantly, despite their widespread use in cosmetology and aesthetic dermatology, the interchangeable use of the terms "PDRN" and "PN" in the scientific literature (to describe polymers of varying lengths) has led to considerable confusion within the medical and scientific communities. To specifically address this PDRN/PN ambiguity, this narrative review proposes a standardized structure-based nomenclature for these DNA-derived polymers, the "Marques Polynucleotide Cutoff", set at 1500 kDa. Thus, we propose that the term "PDRN" should be exclusively reserved for small- and medium-chain polymers (MW < 1500 kDa), while the term "PN" should specifically be used to denote longer-chain polymers (MW ≥ 1500 kDa). In a broader perspective, this classification is based on the distinct physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects of these DNA fragments of various MWs, which are comprehensively discussed in the present review.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.