Evidence mapPaperPMID 39859575Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Juan Bautista De Sanctis, Germán Balda Noria, Alexis Hipólito García

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Juan Bautista De SanctisInstitute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-5480-4608
Germán Balda NoriaInstitute of Immunology Nicolás Enrique Bianco, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1040, Venezuela.ORCID 0009-0007-3250-6902
Alexis Hipólito GarcíaInstitute of Immunology Nicolás Enrique Bianco, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1040, Venezuela.ORCID 0000-0002-2354-0160

Funding

FONACIT. Ministry Science and Technology Venezuela 22Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic. ENOCH Project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000868,National Institute of Virology and Bacterioloy EXCELES Project LX22NPO5103
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccines represent an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. Upon administration, a complex interaction occurs between the vaccine formulation and the recipient's immune system, ultimately resulting in protection against disease. Significant variability exists in individual and population responses to vaccination, and these differences remain the focus of the ongoing research. Notably, well-documented factors, such as age, gender, and genetic predisposition, influence immune responses. In contrast, the effects of overweight and obesity have not been as thoroughly investigated. The evidence indicates that a high body mass index (BMI) constitutes a significant risk factor for infections in general, with adipose tissue playing a crucial role in modulating the immune response. Furthermore, suboptimal levels of vaccine seroconversion have been observed among individuals with obesity. This review provides a plausible examination of the immunity and protection conferred by various vaccines in individuals with an overweight status, offering a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms to enhance vaccination efficiency.

Indexed as

Adipose TissueObesityVaccinesAnimalsBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansMaleSex FactorsVaccinationVaccinesadipokinesgenderimmune responseinactivated vaccinemRNA vaccinesobesityrecombinant vaccinesthyroid hormonesvaccine response

Identifiers

PMID39859575
PMCPMC11765591

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.