ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025
The Effect of Audible Joint Manipulation Sounds in the Upper Cervical Spine on Brain Wave and Autonomic Nervous System Activity.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHigh-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) manipulation is a common manual therapy technique used for treating pain and musculoskeletal dysfunction. An audible manipulation sound is commonly experienced by patients who undergo HVLA manipulation; however, there is little known about the effects and clinical relevance of the audible manipulation sound on cortical output and the autonomic nervous system. This study aimed to identify the immediate impact of the audible manipulation sound on brainwave activity and pupil diameter in asymptomatic subjects following an HVLA cervical manipulation.
methods40 subjects completed this quasi-experimental repeated measure study design. Subjects were connected to electroencephalography and pupillometry simultaneously, and an HVLA cervical distraction manipulation was performed. The testing environment was controlled to optimize brainwave and pupillometry data acquisition. Pre-manipulation, immediately after manipulation, and post-manipulation data were collected. The presence of an audible manipulation sound was noted.
resultsTwenty subjects experienced an audible manipulation sound. Brainwave activity changes were significant (
conclusionsThe presence of an audible manipulation sound is not required to produce central nervous system changes following an HVLA cervical manipulation; however, the audible manipulation sound does prolong the effects of brainwave activity, indicating a prolonged relaxation effect.
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