Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39861359›Full record

ReviewNutrients2025

Herbal and Dietary Supplements as Adjunctive Treatment for Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Italy.

Anna Licata, Aurelio Seidita, Silvia Como, Gabriele de Carlo, Marcella Cammilleri, Roberta Bonica, Maurizio Soresi, Nicola Veronese, Roberta Chianetta, Roberto Citarrella and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Antiviral Activity of Essential Oil fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Special Issue: Molecular Research and Insights into COVID-19: 2nd Edition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Anna LicataUnit of Internal Medicine, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0383-6121
Aurelio SeiditaUnit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", 90146 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4080-2641
Silvia ComoUnit of Internal Medicine, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0139-9805
Gabriele de CarloUnit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", 90146 Palermo, Italy.
Marcella CammilleriUnit of Internal Medicine, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
Roberta BonicaUnit of Internal Medicine, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
Maurizio SoresiUnit of Internal Medicine, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7850-555X
Nicola VeroneseUnit of Internal Medicine, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9328-289X
Roberta ChianettaUnit of Internal Medicine, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
Roberto CitarrellaUnit of Internal Medicine, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
Lydia GiannitrapaniUnit of Internal Medicine, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2845-5296
Mario BarbagalloUnit of Internal Medicine, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1349-6530

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several observational studies proved a certain efficacy of nutraceuticals, herbal products, and other dietary supplements as adjuvant therapies used alongside antiviral drugs. Although their use has not been widespread in Italy, according to preliminary evidence, many supplements with demonstrated immunomodulatory effects, such as vitamins C and D, herbal medicines and essential oils, might relieve the respiratory symptoms of COVID-19, since SARS-CoV-2 can activate inflammasome-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways. Other observational studies have shown that herbal treatments, such as

Indexed as

COVID-19 Drug TreatmentDietary SupplementsPhytotherapyPlant PreparationsAntiviral AgentsCOVID-19HumansItalyOils, VolatileSARS-CoV-2Antiviral AgentsOils, VolatilePlant PreparationsCOVID-19Echinaceaessential oilsginsengL-argininevitamin Cvitamin D

Identifiers

PMID39861359
PMCPMC11767322

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.