Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39861765›Full record

ReviewPharmaceutics2025

Water-Soluble Vitamins: Hypo- and Hypervitaminosis in Pediatric Population.

Roberto Paparella, Fabiola Panvino, Lucia Leonardi, Ida Pucarelli, Michela Menghi, Ginevra Micangeli, Francesca Tarani, Marcello Niceta, Debora Rasio, Rouzha Pancheva and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Roberto PaparellaDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7020-1471
Fabiola PanvinoDepartment of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-2683-0052
Lucia LeonardiDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2554-1263
Ida PucarelliDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Michela MenghiDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Ginevra MicangeliDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Francesca TaraniDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0009-0004-3249-2238
Marcello NicetaDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4766-7753
Debora RasioDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Rouzha PanchevaDepartment of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Prof Dr Paraskev Stoyanov, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0001-8286-3923
Marco FioreDepartment of Sensory Organs, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6806-9715
Luigi TaraniDepartment of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5958-9364

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesWater-soluble vitamins, comprising the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C, are essential for normal growth, cellular metabolism, and immune function in pediatric populations. Due to limited storage in the body, these vitamins require consistent intake to prevent deficiencies. Pediatric populations, particularly infants and young children, face a heightened risk of both deficiency and, in rare cases, toxicity due to varying dietary intake and increased developmental needs. This review explores the clinical importance of water-soluble vitamins, focusing on hypo- and hypervitaminosis in children.

methodsA narrative review of the recent literature on the sources, recommended intakes, deficiency symptoms, and potential toxicities associated with each water-soluble vitamin was conducted.

resultsDeficiencies in water-soluble vitamins can lead to diverse clinical outcomes, such as neurological, hematological, and immune-related symptoms, depending on the specific vitamin involved. Pediatric populations with increased nutritional needs, such as those experiencing rapid growth or with malabsorption conditions, are particularly vulnerable to vitamin insufficiencies. Conversely, although uncommon, excessive intake of certain water-soluble vitamins may cause mild toxicity, primarily gastrointestinal or neurological.

conclusionsMonitoring water-soluble vitamin levels and providing tailored nutritional support are critical to prevent the adverse effects of hypo- and hypervitaminosis in children. Further research is needed to refine pediatric nutritional guidelines and address the specific needs of young patients, supporting optimal health outcomes.

Indexed as

hypervitaminosishypovitaminosispediatric nutritionvitamin sourceswater-soluble vitamins

Identifiers

PMID39861765
PMCPMC11768360

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.