Influence of parity on weight gain during pregnancy in women with Gestational Diabetes: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effects of parity on gestational weight gain (GWG) and its association with maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This retrospective cohort study data from 2,909 pregnant women with GDM who delivered between 2021 and 2023 at Fujian Maternity and Child Health hospital, were analyzed. Participants were categorized into nulliparous (no previous births), primiparous (one previous birth), and multiparous (two or more previous births) groups. Women aged 18-45 years with singleton pregnancies were included, while those with multiple pregnancies, pre-existing diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disorders, or incomplete BMI data were excluded. Data extracted from hospital records included demographic information, BMI, GWG at various gestational stages, and pregnancy outcomes. Statistical analysis involved logistic regression models, adjusting for confounders such as maternal age, BMI, and gestational age at delivery. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Primiparous and multiparous women exhibited significantly higher GWG than nulliparous women (p < 0.01). Primiparous women had reduced risks of pregnancy-induced hypertension (adjusted OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45-0.92) and premature rupture of membranes (adjusted OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.48-0.70). Both primiparous and multiparous women had lower risks of delivering large-for-gestational-age newborns or those with neonatal jaundice. Conclusion: Parity significantly influences GWG and maternal/neonatal outcomes in GDM pregnancies, highlighting the need for parity-specific guidelines.