ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2025
Association of Depression Dimensions With Cognitive Functioning in Community-Dwelling Oldest-Old Adults: The LifeAfter90 Study.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gait speed and domain-specific cognitive performance in a diverse cohort of the oldest-old: the LifeAfter90 Study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Is grip strength a marker for cognitive function, neurodegeneration, and resilience?GeroScience · 2025Article
- Acoustic speech features are associated with late-life depression and apathy symptoms: Preliminary findings.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesThe oldest-old adults (90+) constitute the fastest-growing demographic at the highest dementia risk among older adults. Depression, a common risk factor, inherently presents with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Here, we explored the associations of the predominant depression dimensions with cognition in the LifeAfter90 study.
methodsThe LifeAfter90 study consists of racially/ethnically diverse community-dwelling adults of >90. Cognitive assessments measured episodic memory, semantic memory, and executive function. Baseline depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 item (GDS-15), yielding dimensions of Dysphoria, Withdrawal-Apathy-Vigor, Anxiety, Hopelessness, and Subjective Memory Complaint (SMC). We used generalized linear mixed models to explore associations between depression dimensions, and cognitive outcomes at baseline and over time adjusting for demographic factors.
resultsThe cohort (n = 960, mean age 92.4 ± 2.3 years, 61.56% female) was very racially and ethnically diverse with 27% of participants identifying as White, 24% as Asian, 23% as Black, and 19% as Latino. Common complaints included not identifying as "full of energy" (52.45%), preference to "stay home" (46.31%), and "dropped activity" (40.0%), and 25% reported SMC. Depression dimensions showed distinct associations with cognitive outcomes: SMC correlated with worse global cognition, executive function, and verbal episodic memory (all ps < .0001). Hopelessness was associated with worse executive function (p < .001). Over 1.2 years, baseline hopelessness showed a trend for a faster decline in episodic memory (β = -0.22; p = .035). DISCUSSION: In the oldest old, specific dimensions like SMC and hopelessness may help identify individuals at high risk for cognitive decline in this highly vulnerable population.
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