Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39869711›Full record

ArticleStroke2025

Poor Olfaction and Risk of Stroke in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Keran W Chamberlin, Chenxi Li, Anna Kucharska-Newton, Zhehui Luo, Mathew Reeves, Srishti Shrestha, Jayant M Pinto, Jennifer A Deal, Vidyulata Kamath, Priya Palta and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Stroke, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Olfaction and Coronary Heart Disease.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Keran W ChamberlinDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing (K.W.C., C.L., Z.L., M.R., H.C.).ORCID 0000-0003-4721-4316
Chenxi LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing (K.W.C., C.L., Z.L., M.R., H.C.).ORCID 0000-0003-0701-0757
Anna Kucharska-NewtonDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health (A.K.-N.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0001-9864-467X
Zhehui LuoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing (K.W.C., C.L., Z.L., M.R., H.C.).ORCID 0000-0001-9193-3380
Mathew ReevesDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing (K.W.C., C.L., Z.L., M.R., H.C.).ORCID 0000-0002-8019-6343
Srishti ShresthaThe Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (S.S., T.H.M.).
Jayant M PintoSection of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, IL (J.M.P.).
Jennifer A DealDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (J.A.D.).ORCID 0000-0002-6985-048X
Vidyulata KamathDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (V.K.).ORCID 0000-0001-7711-3597
Priya PaltaDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine (P.P.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
David CouperDepartment of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health (D.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.ORCID 0000-0002-4313-9235
Thomas H MosleyThe Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (S.S., T.H.M.).ORCID 0000-0003-3343-1352
Honglei ChenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing (K.W.C., C.L., Z.L., M.R., H.C.).ORCID 0000-0003-3446-7779

Funding

ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS) Renewal 2023-2028U01HL096812 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI JOSEF CORESH, THOMAS H MOSLEY · 2010 to 2026
$65.7M
THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES (ARIC) STUDY - COORDINATING CENTER - TASK AREA B.2 AND B.375N92022D00001 · NHLBI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI COUPER, DAVID · 2022 to 2025
$13.7M
Pilot Program CoreP30ES027792 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI Mallory Rachael Ward · 2017 to 2026
$13.6M
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS OF AGINGT32AG000247 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Karen J. Bandeen-Roche · 1996 to 2026
$13.2M
ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS) Renewal 2 of 5U01HL096917 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR · PI MOSLEY, THOMAS H · 2010 to 2018
$11.9M
Prospective studies on Parkinson's diseaseZIAES101986 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI CHEN, HONGLEI · 2009 to 2016
$7.9M
ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS) Renewal UNC 4 of 5U01HL096899 · NHLBI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI COUPER, DAVID J · 2010 to 2018
$7.5M
ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS)U01HL096902 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI LUTSEY, PAMELA L. · 2010 to 2018
$7.4M
ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS) Renewal 4 of 5U01HL096814 · NHLBI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI HUGHES, TIMOTHY M., WAGENKNECHT, LYNNE E · 2010 to 2018
$6.5M
THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES (ARIC) STUDY - FIELD CENTER - TASK ORDER 01, TASK AREA A75N92022D00003 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI LUTSEY, PAMELA L. · 2022 to 2025
$5.1M
THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES (ARIC) STUDY - FIELD CENTER - TASK ORDER 01, TASK AREA A75N92022D00005 · NHLBI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WAGENKNECHT, LYNNE · 2022 to 2025
$5.0M
THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES (ARIC) STUDY - FIELD CENTER - TASK ORDER 01, TASK AREA A75N92022D00004 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR · PI WINDHAM, BEVERLY GWEN · 2022 to 2025
$4.8M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA ES101986NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92022D00001NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92022D00002NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92022D00003NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92022D00004NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92022D00005NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL096812NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL096814NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL096899NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL096902NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL096917NIA NIH HHS R01 AG071517NIA NIH HHS T32 AG000247NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES027792
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPoor olfaction may be associated with adverse cerebrovascular events, but empirical evidence is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of olfaction with the risk of stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

methodsWe included 5799 older adults with no history of stroke at baseline from 2011 to 2013 (75.5±5.1 years, 59.0% female and 22.2% Black). Olfaction was assessed by the 12-item Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test and defined as poor (number correct ≤8), moderate (9-10), or good (11-12). Participants were followed from baseline to the date of the first stroke, death, last contact, or December 31, 2020, whichever occurred first. We used the discrete-time subdistribution hazard model to estimate the marginal cumulative incidence of stroke across olfactory statuses and adjusted risk ratios, accounting for covariates and competing risk of death.

resultsAfter up to 9.6 years of follow-up, we identified 332 incident stroke events. The adjusted marginal cumulative incidence of stroke at 9.6-year follow-up was 5.3% (95% CI, 4.2%-6.3%), 5.9% (95% CI, 4.8%-7.1%), and 7.7% (95% CI, 6.5%-9.1%) for good, moderate, and poor olfaction, respectively. Compared with good olfaction, poor olfaction was significantly associated with higher stroke risk throughout follow-up, albeit the association modestly attenuated after 6 years. Specifically, the adjusted risk ratios were 2.14 (95% CI, 1.22-3.94) at year 2, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.43-3.02) at year 4, 1.91 (95% CI, 1.43-2.77) at year 6, 1.49 (95% CI, 1.17-2.00) at year 8, and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.16-1.95) at year 9.6. Results were robust in multiple subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

conclusionsIn older adults, poor olfaction assessed by a single olfaction test was associated with the higher risk of stroke in the next 10 years.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisOlfaction DisordersStrokeAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleRisk Factorscohort studiesprospective studiesrisksmellstroke

Identifiers

PMID39869711
PMCPMC11774471

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.