ArticleMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)2025
Formononetin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome through suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome.
Article in Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Melatonin alleviates mitochondrial damage by regulating SIRT3‑mediated mitochondrial dynamics in granulosa cells under PCOS‑like conditions.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Formononetin alleviates ovarian fibrosis and inflammation via targeting SOCS3 and inhibiting TGF-Chinese herbal medicines · 2026Article
- The crosslink between autophagy and ferroptosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: from synergistic pathogenesis to targeted therapy.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
- Salidroside Ameliorates Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Mice by Regulating the AKT/NF-κB/NLRP3-HAS2 Axis.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Natural Products in the Metabolic and Endocrine Modulation of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Current Perspectives.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Article
- Mitochondria and polycystic ovary syndrome: The role of ferroptosis, inflammasomes, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Lobetyolin reshapes gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism to improve androgen-driven PCOS phenotypes in mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Phytochemicals from Brazilian Red Propolis: A Review of Their Anti-Inflammatory Potential.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a review of natural and synthetic compounds.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Gingival Inflammation Modulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Signalling in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of PCOS Patients: A Case-Control Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- From Traditional Efficacy to Drug Design: A Review of Astragali Radix.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Flavonoids: a natural remedy in the prevention and management of diverse diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
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Abstract
backgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease accompanied by multiple clinical features, including anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology, leading to infertility. Formononetin (FMN), which is a major bioactive isoflavone compound in Astragalus membranaceus, exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether FMN is effective in the treatment of PCOS remains unknown. This study aims to explore the effects and the possible mechanisms of FMN in PCOS.
methodsDehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS rats and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS cell models were established. Fifty rats were randomly assigned into five groups of 10 rats each: Control, PCOS, PCOS + FMN (15 mg/kg), PCOS + FMN (30 mg/kg), and PCOS + FMN (60 mg/kg). Fasting blood glucose, insulin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and estradiol were detected in DHEA-induced PCOS rats. Ovarian histological changes and apoptosis were evaluated utilizing H&E and TUNEL staining. Subsequently, the effects of FMN on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the DHEA-induced PCOS rat model and DHT-induced PCOS cell model were explored. Besides, the function of FMN on cell viability and apoptosis in DHT-induced PCOS cell model were explored by using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Protein expression was detected via western blot and immunofluorescence staining in the DHEA-induced PCOS rat model and DHT-induced PCOS cell model.
resultsFMN alleviated PCOS symptoms and reduced inflammation, cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress in DHEA-induced PCOS rats and DHT-induced KGN cells. Additionally, FMN suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in both models. In the DHT-induced PCOS cell model, nigericin (a activator of NLRP3) reversed the functions of FMN on inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress.
conclusionThese findings demonstrated that FMN could alleviate PCOS by repressing inflammation, apoptosis, as well as oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. HIGHLIGHTS: 1. FMN improved PCOS symptoms. 2. FMN alleviated cell apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in PCOS. 3. FMN inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in PCOS.
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