Evidence mapPaperPMID 39871273Full record

SynthesisCardiovascular diabetology2025

Does diabetes modify the triglyceride-glucose index associated with cardiovascular events and mortality? A meta-analysis of 50 cohorts involving 7,239,790 participants.

Jun Zhang, Qiye Zhan, Zhihao Deng, Ling Lin, Zhaolan Feng, Huabin He, Deju Zhang, Huilei Zhao, Xiang Gu, Xiaoping Yin and 2 more

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Mortality Risk in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2026
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  14. AldehydeFrontiers in medicine · 2026
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  20. A Structured Narrative Review of the OSA-T2DM Axis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jun Zhang *Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.
Qiye Zhan *Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Zhihao DengDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Ling LinFujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Zhaolan FengDepartment of Cardiology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
Huabin HeDepartment of Cardiology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
Deju ZhangFood and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Huilei ZhaoDepartment of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Xiang GuDepartment of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.
Xiaoping YinDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.
Peng YuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. yu8220182@163.com.
Xiao LiuJiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China. liux587@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation in Jiangxi Province grant No. 20212BAB216047Natural Science Foundation of China 82100869Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong 202201011395
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPrevious studies highlighted the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes. However, whether diabetes affects TyG-cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the TyG index and CVD risk, stratified by diabetes status, as well as the potential modifying effect of diabetic status. METHODS/

designThe PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for studies on the associations between the TyG index and cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with and without diabetes from inception to December 2, 2024. The random effects model was employed to pool the effect sizes.

resultsA total of 50 cohort studies (7,239,790 participants) were included. The mean age of participants was 31.46 years (diabetes mellitus [DM]: 65.18; non-DM: 31.23), and 40.66% of participants were female (DM: 36.07%; non-DM: 40.70%). The associations between the TyG index and cardiovascular events (HR: 1.72 vs. 1.55, P = 0.55), major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (HR: 2.02 vs. 1.91, P = 0.84), stroke (HR: 1.46 vs. 1.39, P = 0.77) and cardiovascular death (HR: 1.85 vs. 1.60, P = 0.56) were similar among DM and non-DM individuals. However, the associations between the TyG index and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (HR: 2.20 vs. 1.57, P = 0.03) as well as all-cause mortality (HR: 1.94 vs. 1.24, P = 0.01) were stronger in DM patients than in non-DM patients.

conclusionTyG index showed association with cardiovascular events, mortality, and all-cause mortality independent of diabetic status, with low to moderate certainty. The associations for IHD and all-cause death were stronger in diabetic patients than in individuals without diabetes. Future studies should explore the role of diabetes in the TyG index-associated CVD outcomes and mortality.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes MellitusTriglyceridesAdultAgedBiomarkersCause of DeathFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsBiomarkersBlood GlucoseTriglyceridesCardiovascular diseaseDiabetes mellitusMeta-analysisMortalityTriglyceride–glucose index

Identifiers

PMID39871273
PMCPMC11773825

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.