Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39871344›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2025

Characteristics of TSPO expression in marmoset EAE.

Irene Falk, Dragan Maric, Emily Leibovitch, Pascal Sati, Jennifer Lefeuvre, Nicholas J Luciano, Joseph Guy, Seung-Kwon Ha, David R Owen, Franklin Aigbirhio and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Irene FalkViral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 5C103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1400, USA.
Dragan MaricFlow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Emily LeibovitchViral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 5C103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1400, USA.
Pascal SatiTranslational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jennifer LefeuvreTranslational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nicholas J LucianoTranslational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Joseph GuyTranslational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Seung-Kwon HaTranslational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
David R OwenDepartment of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Franklin AigbirhioMolecular Imaging Chemistry Laboratory, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Paul M MatthewsDepartment of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Daniel S ReichTranslational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Steven JacobsonViral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 5C103, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1400, USA. jacobsons@ninds.nih.gov.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and is a leading non-traumatic cause of disability in young adults. The 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial protein and positron emission tomography (PET)-imaging target that is highly expressed in MS brain lesions. It is used as an inflammatory biomarker and has been proposed as a therapeutic target. However, its specific pathological significance in humans is not well understood. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the common marmoset is a well-established primate model of MS. Studying TSPO expression in this model will enhance our understanding of its expression in MS. This study therefore characterizes patterns of TSPO expression in fixed CNS tissues from one non-EAE control marmoset and 8 EAE marmosets using multiplex immunofluorescence. In control CNS tissue, we find that TSPO is expressed in the leptomeninges, ependyma, and over two-thirds of Iba1 + microglia, but not astrocytes or neurons. In Iba1 + cells in both control and acute EAE tissue, we find that TSPO is co-expressed with markers of antigen presentation (CD74), early activation (MRP14), phagocytosis (CD163) and anti-inflammatory phenotype (Arg1); a high level of TSPO expression is not restricted to a particular microglial phenotype. While TSPO is expressed in over 88% of activated Iba1 + cells in acute lesions in marmoset EAE, it also is sometimes observed in subsets of astrocytes and neurons. Additionally, we find the percentage of Iba1 + cells expressing TSPO declines significantly in lesions > 5 months old and may be as low as 13% in chronic lesions. However, we also find increased astrocytic TSPO expression in chronic-appearing lesions with astrogliosis. Finally, we find expression of TSPO in a subset of neurons, most frequently GLS2 + glutamatergic neurons. The shift in TSPO expression from Iba + microglia/macrophages to astrocytes over time is similar to patterns suggested by earlier neuropathology studies in MS. Thus, marmoset EAE appears to be a clinically relevant model for the study of TSPO in immune dysregulation in human disease.

Indexed as

Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalReceptors, GABAAnimalsCallithrixDisease Models, AnimalFemaleMaleMicrogliaReceptors, GABAExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisMultiple sclerosisPET imagingTSPO

Identifiers

PMID39871344
PMCPMC11773908

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.