Evidence mapPaperPMID 39872133Full record

ArticleInfection and drug resistance2025

Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in Pneumonia: Applications in the Detection of Responsible Pathogens, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence.

Bing Liu, Zhiyao Bao, Wei Chen, Xiaotong Xi, Xiao Ge, Jun Zhou, Xiaoyan Zheng, Peipei Zhang, Wanglong Deng, Ran Ding and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. A Pilot Study ofDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Bing Liu *Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
Zhiyao Bao *Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
Wei Chen *Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
Xiaotong Xi *State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210018, People's Republic of China.
Xiao GeDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
Jun ZhouDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoyan ZhengDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhoushan Branch of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China.
Peipei ZhangState Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210018, People's Republic of China.
Wanglong DengState Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210018, People's Republic of China.
Ran DingState Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210018, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-7453-8968
Min ZhouDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
Jie FangDepartment of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) is a high-throughput and cost-effective diagnostic alternative for pneumonia, with the ability to simultaneously detect pathogens, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence genes. We aimed to explore the applicability of tNGS in the co-detection of the responsible pathogens, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and virulence genes in patients with pneumonia. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among patients with suspected pneumonia at Ruijin Hospital from March 1 to May 31, 2023. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or sputum samples were collected and sent for tNGS, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and conventional microbiological tests (CMTs). Results: In total, 67 BALF and 11 sputum samples from 78 patients were included in the analyses. According to the composite reference standards, the accuracy of tNGS in the detection of responsible pathogens was 0.852 (95% confidence interval 0.786-0.918), which resembled that of mNGS and remarkably exceeded that of CMTs. In addition, 81 AMR genes associated with responsible pathogens were reported, and 75.8% (25/33) priority drug-resistant pathogens could be directly identified. A total of 144 virulence genes were detected for four common pathogens. And patients with virulence genes detected were of higher proportions of severe pneumonia (95.0% vs 42.9%, P = 0.009), acute respiratory distress syndrome (55.0% vs 0%, P = 0.022), and neutrophils (82.3% vs 62.2%, P = 0.026) than those not. Conclusion: In patients with pneumonia, tNGS could detect the responsible pathogens, AMR genes, and virulence genes simultaneously, serving as an efficient and cost-effective tool for the diagnosis, treatment, and severity indication of pneumonia.

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistancepathogenpneumoniatargeted next-generation sequencingvirulence

Identifiers

PMID39872133
PMCPMC11769725

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.