ReviewAutonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical2025
Abnormal cardiovascular control during exercise: Role of insulin resistance in the brain.
Review in Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global prevalence of insulin resistance in the adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
During exercise circulatory adjustments to meet oxygen demands are mediated by multiple autonomic mechanisms, the skeletal muscle exercise pressor reflex (EPR), the baroreflex (BR), and by feedforward signals from central command neurons in higher brain centers. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues includes sensitization of skeletal muscle afferents by hyperinsulinemia which is in part responsible for the abnormally heightened EPR function observed in diabetic animal models and patients. However, the role of insulin signaling within the central nervous system (CNS) is receiving increased attention as a potential therapeutic intervention in diseases with underlying insulin resistance. This review will highlight recent advances in our understanding of how insulin resistance induces changes in central signaling. The alterations in central insulin signaling produce aberrant cardiovascular responses to exercise. In particular, we will discuss the role of insulin signaling within the medullary cardiovascular control nuclei. The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are key nuclei where insulin has been demonstrated to modulate cardiovascular reflexes. The first locus of integration for the EPR, BR and central command is the NTS which is high in neurons expressing insulin receptors (IRs). The IRs on these neurons are well positioned to modulate cardiovascular responses to exercise. Additionally, the differences in IR density and presence of receptor isoforms enable specificity and diversity of insulin actions within the CNS. Therefore, non-invasive delivery of insulin into the CNS may be an effective means of normalizing cardiovascular responses to exercise in patients with insulin resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.