ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2025
Vascular Effects of Botulinum Toxin in Human Skin.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Botulinum Toxin Vascular Effectiveness: Low or High Doses?Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Botulinum Therapy Based on the Anthropometric Characteristics of the Face Using Non-Invasive Thermal Imaging Data.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A new protocol (THIS and FAT) for the treatment of filler-induced vascular occlusion: a case series.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) is widely used for aesthetic purposes and is recognized for its vasomotor actions. However, new medical applications have emerged. This study aims to describe the effect of BTX-A on human skin perfusion, particularly vessel diameter, blood flow, and blood vessel density in regions with known low vessel density. This case series involved 40 patients who were treated with subcutaneous injections of BTX-A and sodium chloride 0.9% into marked skin areas on their backs. Skin blood flow, vessel diameter, and density were measured using infrared thermography and Doppler ultrasound before the injection and on days 1, 7, and 21 posttreatment. BTX-A-treated areas exhibited higher blood flow, larger blood vessel diameter, increased blood vessel density, and the emergence of new detectable perforators. In contrast, areas receiving sodium chloride 0.9% showed no significant changes. Data analysis was conducted using an independent
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.