Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39885176›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers2025

Chronic kidney disease.

Paola Romagnani, Rajiv Agarwal, Juliana C N Chan, Adeera Levin, Robert Kalyesubula, Sabine Karam, Masaomi Nangaku, Bernardo Rodríguez-Iturbe, Hans-Joachim Anders

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 103 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
103citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

103 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Salt and chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Gastrodin as a nephroprotective agent: Molecular docking-based modulation of oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026
    Review
  20. Review

43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Paola RomagnaniNephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-8088
Rajiv AgarwalRichard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-7100
Juliana C N ChanDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1325-1194
Adeera LevinDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2438-8401
Robert KalyesubulaAfrican Community Center for Social Sustainability, Nakaseke District, Uganda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3211-163X
Sabine KaramDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0989-0241
Masaomi NangakuDivision of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan.
Bernardo Rodríguez-IturbeDepartment of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, INCMN Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5284-2440
Hans-Joachim AndersDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. hjanders@med.uni-muenchen.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-2956

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by persistent abnormalities of kidney function or structure that have consequences for the health. A progressive decline of excretory kidney function has effects on body homeostasis. CKD is tightly associated with accelerated cardiovascular disease and severe infections, and with premature death. Kidney failure without access to kidney replacement therapy is fatal - a reality in many regions of the world. CKD can be the consequence of a single cause, but CKD in adults frequently relates rather to sequential injuries accumulating over the life course or to the presence of concomitant risk factors. The shared pathomechanism of CKD progression is the irreversible loss of kidney cells or nephrons together with haemodynamic and metabolic overload of the remaining nephrons, leading to further loss of kidney cells or nephrons. The management of patients with CKD focuses on early detection and on controlling all modifiable risk factors. This approach includes reducing the overload of the remaining nephrons with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and the sodium-glucose transporter 2, as well as disease-specific drug interventions, if available. Hypertension, anaemia, metabolic acidosis and secondary hyperparathyroidism contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and reduced quality of life, and require diagnosis and treatment.

Indexed as

Renal Insufficiency, ChronicCardiovascular DiseasesDisease ProgressionHumansHypertensionQuality of LifeRenin-Angiotensin SystemRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID39885176

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.