ArticleCell reports. Medicine2025
CAR T cells, CAR NK cells, and CAR macrophages exhibit distinct traits in glioma models but are similarly enhanced when combined with cytokines.
Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Harnessing the NKG2D immune surveillance pathway using engineered T-cells for the treatment of human disease.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- CAR design equips diverse immune cells with unique antigen-specific activation identities.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Advances inMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Pathophysiological roles of monocytes and macrophages in cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Harnessing macrophage signaling pathways and scalable engineering for next-generation immunotherapies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Opportunities for artificial intelligence and synthetic biology in designing living drug delivery systems.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2026Review
- Unleashing innovative cross-organ fibrosis therapies by harnessing the omics revolution.JCI insight · 2026Review
- Iron overload induced by ferric derisomaltose and ferric carboxymaltose both increase FGF-23 levels and lead to osteomalacia and bone loss in normal mice.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy 3.0: Breakthroughs Steering the Next Generation of Cancer Control.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Evolving Landscape of Glioblastoma Research: Integrating Therapeutic Advances and Diagnostic Frontiers.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Consensus statement on microglial and macrophage functions in gliomas.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Optimizing next-generation CAR-macrophages against solid tumors: challenges and potential strategies.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Myeloid-derived immunosuppression of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in the neuronal microenvironment of glioblastoma.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- CAR-macrophages: a new chapter in cancer immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Article
- Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Targeting Macrophages in Immunotherapy: The Ascent of CAR-Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Crosstalk in the brain tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical advances.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- A novel cultivation strategy to recover NK cell cytotoxicity.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Next-generation immunotherapy biologics for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a promising immunotherapy against cancer. Although there is a growing interest in other cell types, a comparison of CAR immune effector cells in challenging solid tumor contexts is lacking. Here, we compare mouse and human NKG2D-CAR-expressing T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages against glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumor. In vitro we show that T cell cancer killing is CAR dependent, whereas intrinsic cytotoxicity overrules CAR dependence for NK cells, and CAR macrophages reduce glioma cells in co-culture assays. In orthotopic immunocompetent glioma mouse models, systemically administered CAR T cells demonstrate superior accumulation in the tumor, and each immune cell type induces distinct changes in the tumor microenvironment. An otherwise low therapeutic efficacy is significantly enhanced by co-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in all CAR immune effector cells, underscoring the necessity for multifaceted cell engineering strategies to overcome the immunosuppressive solid tumor microenvironment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.