Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39891000›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2025

Trained immunity in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.

George Hajishengallis, Mihai G Netea, Triantafyllos Chavakis

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  12. Steroid hormone ouabain cooperates with NaActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

George HajishengallisDepartment of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. geoh@upenn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-8852
Mihai G NeteaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-6052
Triantafyllos ChavakisInstitute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Triantafyllos.Chavakis@ukdd.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1869-5141

Funding

Trained innate immunity and periodontitis-associated comorbiditiesR01DE031206 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Georgios Hajishengallis · 2022 to 2026
$1.9M
Clonal hematopoiesis and periodontal diseaseR01DE033643 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Georgios Hajishengallis · 2024 to 2026
$1.0M
NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE031206NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE033643
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A decade after the term 'trained immunity' (TRIM) was coined to reflect the long-lasting hyper-responsiveness of innate immune cells with an epigenetically imprinted 'memory' of earlier stimuli, our understanding has broadened to include the potential implications of TRIM in health and disease. Here, after summarizing the well-documented beneficial effects of TRIM against infections, we discuss emerging evidence that TRIM is also a major underlying mechanism in chronic inflammation-related disorders such as periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, mounting evidence indicates that the induction of TRIM by certain agonists confers protective antitumour responses. Although the mechanisms underlying TRIM require further study, the current knowledge enables the experimental development of innovative therapeutic approaches to stimulate or inhibit TRIM in a context-appropriate manner, such as the stimulation of TRIM in cancer or its inhibition in inflammatory disorders.

Indexed as

Immunity, InnateImmunologic MemoryInflammationNeoplasmsAnimalsChronic DiseaseEpigenesis, GeneticHumansTrained Immunity

Identifiers

PMID39891000
PMCPMC12450111

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.