ArticleInternational journal of retina and vitreous2025
Impact of duration of treatments with metformin and sulfonylureas, individually or in combination, on diabetic retinopathy among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients: a pooled cohort's analysis.
Article in International journal of retina and vitreous, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Incidence and predictors of diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension: a 10-year retrospective follow-up study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Angiogenesis and inflammation in the retinopathy risk of insulin and semaglutide - a review.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
- Potential Molecular Biomarkers for Predicting and Monitoring Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Correction: Impact of duration of treatments with metformin and sulfonylureas, individually or in combination, on diabetic retinopathy among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients: a pooled cohort's analysis.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin and sulfonylurea (SUs) medication time on Diabetic retinopathy (DR) among newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using a pooled analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin and SUs' medication time on DR among newly diagnosed T2DM using a pooled analysis.
methodsThe data of 4,068 newly diagnosed DM individuals(mean age, 60.2 ± 0.85 years) from three prospective cohorts of Tehran Sugar and Lipid Study (TLGS), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) with a mean age of 59.6 ± 08 years were pooled. The cumulative exposure to metformin, SUs, aspirin, statin, and anti-hypertensive medication was also determined using the same approach. The Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) for the outcomes while adjusting for confounding factors such as fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), age, statin, aspirin, and anti-hypertensive medications.
resultsDuring follow-up, DR occurred in 519 DM. Metformin alone, SUs alone, and the combination of both reduced the hazard of DR by 10%, 7%, and 11% for each year of use, respectively (p < 0.05). The protective effect of metformin and SUs, individually or in combination, on DR started approximately five years after the initial treatment and continued until approximately 15 years after the initial treatment and then reached a plato.
conclusionLong-term treatment with metformin and SUs, individually and in combination, was associated with a reduced risk of DR in people with newly diagnosed diabetes for up to a decade compared with no treatment. These findings highlight the protective role of metformin and sulfonylureas as inexpensive and readily available drugs to prevent DR in people with newly diagnosed diabetes.
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