ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2025
Shaping immunity: the influence of the maternal gut bacteria on fetal immune development.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of probiotics in preventing atopic dermatitis in infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Pooled it
- Gut microbiota during pregnancy: a bibliometric analysis of global research trends and collaborative networks.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- The Maternal Microbiome in Pregnancy: From Physiological Changes to Dysbiosis and Obstetrical Complications-Therapeutic Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Autoimmune disease in offspring of mothers with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a nationwide cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Does the Maternal Gut Microbiome Influence the Outcome of Perinatal Asphyxia?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in immunomodulation and gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of the fetal immune response is a highly complex process. In the present review, we describe the development of the fetal immune response and the role of the maternal gut bacteria in this process. In contrast to the previous belief that the fetal immune response is inert, it is now thought that the fetal immune response is uniquely tolerant to maternal and allo-antigens, but able to respond to infectious agents, such as bacteria. This is accomplished by the development of T cells toward regulatory T cells rather than toward effector T cells, but also by the presence of functional innate immune cells, such as monocytes and NK cells. Moreover, in fetuses there is different programming of CD8 + T cells and memory T cells toward innate immune cells rather than to adaptive immune cells. The maternal gut bacteria are important in shaping the fetal immune response by producing bacterial products and metabolites that pass the placenta into the fetus and influence development of the fetal immune response. Insight into how and when these products affect the fetal immune response may open new treatment options with pre- or probiotics to affect the maternal gut bacteria and therewith the fetal immune response.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.