Trial reportNutrition & diabetes2025
Sequence of episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging abnormalities in type 2 diabetes.
Trial report in Nutrition & diabetes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02420470 (The Early Warning System for the Central Nervous System Micro-structure Alterations During Early Diabetes Based on the Multi-mode MRIs), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Early Warning System for the Central Nervous System Micro-structure Alterations During Early Diabetes Based on the Multi-mode MRIs
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Temporal dynamic of cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a multimodal biomarker analysis using event-based modal and principal component analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Stage-Aware Event-Based Modeling (SA-EBM) for Disease Progression.Proceedings of machine learning research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpisodic memory decline is a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To comprehensively explore the neural mechanisms underlying it, we aimed to explore the sequence that episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging biomarkers appear abnormal in the progression of T2D.
methodsWe enrolled 62 healthy controls and 110 patients with T2D. The California Verbal Learning Test, Montreal cognitive assessment, and Stroop color word test was used to assess the episodic memory, general cognitive function, and executive function. Principal component analysis was applied to extract behavioral biomarkers. Imaging biomarkers included structural and functional MRI features of the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus and hippocampus-anterior cingulate cortex pathways. We used a novel discriminative event-based model to determine the sequence that memory-related biomarkers appear abnormal and estimate the stage of memory decline.
resultsT2D patients exhibited poorer memory, general cognitive function, and executive function compared to healthy controls after controlling age, sex, and education level. In the progression of T2D, functional interaction between brain regions showed abnormalities first, followed by memory tests, the cerebral spontaneous neural activity, and finally the gray matter volume. Besides, abnormalities appeared earlier in the entorhinal cortex than in the anterior cingulate cortex. Later stage of memory decline was distributed in older patients with T2D and was associated with higher systolic blood pressure, postprandial blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein.
conclusionsIn T2D, behavioral and brain imaging biomarkers of episodic memory appear abnormal in a specific sequence, and the stage of memory decline was closely associated with old age and vascular risk factors. CLINICAL
trial registrationNCT02420470, ClinicalTrials.gov ( https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/ ).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.