ArticleMucosal immunology2025
Microbial remodeling of gut tryptophan metabolism and indole-3-lactate production regulate epithelial barrier repair and viral suppression in human and simian immunodeficiency virus infections.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Megamonas hypermegale with indole-3-lactic acid-producing capacity ameliorates hepatic fibrosis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Microbiota-derived 10-hydroxystearic acid activates PPARα to restore gut epithelial barrier integrity and enhance anti-retroviral therapy.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Commensal yeast Malassezia produces tryptophan metabolites to promote tissue homeostasis via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mice.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Synergistic regulation of gut microbiota and metabolites by breast milk and probiotics in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: mechanisms and prospects.Translational pediatrics · 2026Review
- Lactobacilli biology, applications and host interactions.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Indole sensing in host, microbiota, and pathogen interactions.Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of the gut-lung axis in persistent inflammation and disease progression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: mechanistic evidence and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gegen Qinlian Decoction, a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula: a potential therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling by indole-3-lactic acid from Bacillus velezensis DS2 reinforces gut mucosal immunity and attenuates inflammaging in aged mice.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Clostridium scindens attenuates acute kidney injury by producing indole-3-acetic acid.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Indole-3-lactic acid protects the gut vascular barrier following intestinal ischemia injury through AhR/Nrf2/STAT3 mediated claudin 2 downregulation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Article
- The fermented cabbage metabolome and its protection against cytokine-induced intestinal barrier disruption of Caco-2 monolayers.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Deciphering microbial and metabolic influences in gastrointestinal diseases-unveiling their roles in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
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Abstract
Gut inflammatory diseases cause microbial dysbiosis. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection disrupts intestinal integrity, subverts repair/renewal pathways, impairs mucosal immunity and propels microbial dysbiosis. However, microbial metabolic mechanisms driving repair mechanisms in virally inflamed gut are not well understood. We investigated the capability and mechanisms of gut microbes to restore epithelial barriers and mucosal immunity in virally inflamed gut by using a multipronged approach: an in vivo simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected nonhuman primate model of HIV/AIDS, ex vivo HIV-exposed human colorectal explants and primary human intestinal epithelial cells. SIV infection reprogrammed tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, increasing kynurenine catabolite levels that are associated with mucosal barrier disruption and immune suppression. Administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum or Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis into the SIV-inflamed gut lumen in vivo resulted in rapid reprogramming of microbial TRP metabolism towards indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) production. This shift accelerated epithelial repair and enhanced anti-viral defenses through induction of IL-22 signaling in mucosal T cells and aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. Additionally, ILA treatment of human colorectal tissue explants ex vivo inhibited HIV replication by reducing mucosal inflammatory cytokine production and cell activation. Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of microbial metabolic reprogramming of TRP-to-ILA and mechanisms in mitigating viral pathogenic effects and bolstering mucosal defenses for HIV eradication.
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