Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39895553›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2025

In Patients With Hypertension, the Cortical Perfusion Index Measured by Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Reveals a Sexual Dimorphism.

Aikaterini Damianaki, Mariëlle Hendriks-Balk, Wendy Brito, Erietta Polychronopoulou, Kenji Theiler, Menno Pruijm, Grégoire Wuerzner

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Aikaterini DamianakiService of Nephrology and Hypertension Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2815-3650
Mariëlle Hendriks-BalkService of Nephrology and Hypertension Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9454-9605
Wendy BritoService of Nephrology and Hypertension Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0001-1391-7390
Erietta PolychronopoulouService of Nephrology and Hypertension Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8355-3908
Kenji TheilerService of Nephrology and Hypertension Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0005-0289-2772
Menno PruijmService of Nephrology and Hypertension Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1027-1851
Grégoire WuerznerService of Nephrology and Hypertension Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6424-7630

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundArterial hypertension is characterized by microvasculature changes and reduced tissue perfusion. It is unknown whether a sexual dimorphism of renal microcirculation is present in patients with arterial hypertension. We aimed to compare the cortical microcirculation in women and men with hypertension and to evaluate their response to sympathetic stimulation with a cold pressor test (CPT).

methodsThe cortical perfusion index (PI) measured by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was used as a proxy of renal microcirculation. We measured the PI at rest and during a 2-minute CPT in patients with arterial hypertension. We used a linear mixed-model analysis to study the effect of sex, the CPT, and their interaction on the PI.

resultsThirty-two participants were included (34% women). Age and body mass index were similar in both groups. Median PI was higher in women (2344 [interquartile range, 1553-2685 arbitrary units]) than men (1285 [interquartile range, 591-1741 arbitrary units],

conclusionsWomen with arterial hypertension have a higher cortical microperfusion than men, while their microvascular reactivity to a CPT appears to be similar. This sexual dimorphism may have an impact on renal function decline, which needs further investigation.

Indexed as

Contrast MediaHypertensionKidney CortexMicrocirculationRenal CirculationAgedCold TemperatureFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSex CharacteristicsSex FactorsUltrasonographyContrast Mediacontrast‐enhanced ultrasoundhypertensionkidneymicrocirculationperfusion indexsex differences

Identifiers

PMID39895553
PMCPMC12074722

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.