ArticleHeliyon2025
In-hospital costs of diabetic foot infection at a national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Complementary Therapies for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing Among Patients in Asia: Scoping Review.Asian/Pacific Island nursing journal · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aims: To determine the in-hospital costs of patients with diabetic foot problems who either require or do not require amputation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 213 subjects with low, moderate and high ulcer grades from January 2019 to December 2022 at a national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were taken from the medical admissions record unit, electronic health records (EHR), hospital integrated system (HIS) and the foot registry system in the metabolic endocrine division, in relation to diabetic foot infection (DFI) as the primary or secondary diagnosis. We analysed data referring to patient characteristics, in-hospital costs and length of stay (LOS), with further comparison based on amputation status. Results: The total DFI costs were estimated at IDR 13.833 billion (median IDR 51.225 [min - max; 10.309-507.281) million]). The total costs were estimated at IDR 64.95 ± 50.89 million per patient. All cost variables were driven by intervention costs estimated at IDR 5.176 billion (median IDR 19.676 [min - max; 1.245-136.348) million per patient). Daily costs were IDR 3.281 million per patient per day. The total treatment costs for amputation and non-amputation were IDR 6.99 billion (median IDR 61.398 (18.785-268.768) million) and IDR 6.842 billion (median IDR 45.016 (10.309-507.282) million, respectively. The average LOS was 19.79 ± 10.77 days per DFI episode, which did not differ significantly between the amputation and non-amputation groups (p > 0.176) but not for total costs (p < 0.003). DFI is associated with high costs and long-term hospital stays. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence on in-patient hospital costs by capturing the real costs of DFI treatment, with the total treatment costs for amputation being higher than for non-amputation. This information might benefit for health practitioners in clinical practice improvements and policy adjustments, including INA-CBGs tariff for DFI patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.