Observational studyESC heart failure2025
Growth differentiation factor-15 and N-terminal pro-BNP in acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Observational study in ESC heart failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Circulating Level of Growth-Differentiation Factor 15 and Mortality of Patients With Acute Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis.Clinical cardiology · 2026Pooled it
- Endothelial GDF15 deficiency enhances barrier function and mitigates pulmonary fibrosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as an Early Biomarker of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity Using an Integrated PK/PD Model.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of quadruple therapy versus triple therapy in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a propensity score-matched real-world study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Haemodynamic consequences of acute pulmonary embolism predict risk of CTPA-related acute kidney injury.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- Growth differentiation factor-15 and N-terminal pro-BNP in acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.ESC heart failure · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) continues to be an increasingly common health problem associated with a high mortality rate. Elevated levels of Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are reportedly associated with poor clinical outcomes in a broad range of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the combined assessment of these markers on clinical outcomes in patients with HFpEF.
methodsThis study is the prospective observational study. We measured the serum levels of GDF15 and NT-proBNP in 643 patients (mean age 73 ± 12, 42% females). All patients were prospectively followed up for a median period of 1998 days. Total 132 HF-related events and 88 all-cause deaths occurred during the follow-up period.
resultsMultivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated that both serum GDF15 and NT-proBNP levels were independently associated with HF-related events after adjustment for confounding risk factors (GDF15: hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.19; P < 0.0001 and NT-proBNP: hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.13; P = 0.0003). Serum GDF15 levels improved the prediction capacity for HF-related events (0.7405 vs. 0.7190; P = 0.0422), with a significant net reclassification index (0.2724) and integrated discrimination improvement (0.0246). The C indices of GDF15 for HF-related events and all-cause deaths were significantly larger than those of NT-proBNP in men (HF-related events: 0.7389 vs. 0.6721; P = 0.0393, and all-cause deaths: 0.6922 vs.0.6109; P = 0.0262) but not in women. The combination of GDF15 and NT-proBNP levels stratified patients with HFpEF, identifying those at a high risk for HF-related events and all-cause deaths.
conclusionsSerum GDF15 could be an additional prognostic information to NT-proBNP in patients with HFpEF. The prognostic abilities of serum GDF15 and NT-proBNP differed according to sex. These markers were the feasible markers for patients with HFpEF, identifying those at a high risk for HF-related events and all-cause deaths.
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