Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39901130›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025

Estimating the association between cigarette and e-cigarette use patterns and SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion time: retrospective online survey in China.

Ying Xie, Yinghua Li, Zheng Su, Xueyan Han, Zhao Liu, Zhenxiao Huang, Anqi Cheng, Xinmei Zhou, Jinxuan Li, Rui Qin and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Ying XieSchool of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Yinghua LiChina Health Education Center, Beijing, China.
Zheng SuNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Xueyan HanSchool of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Zhao LiuNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Zhenxiao HuangSchool of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Anqi ChengNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Xinmei ZhouNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Jinxuan LiNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Rui QinNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Xiaowen WeiNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Yi LiuNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Xin XiaNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Qingqing SongNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Liang ZhaoNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Kian Fan ChungNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK.
Dan XiaoNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. danxiao@263.net.
Chen WangSchool of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. wangchen@pumc.edu.cn.

Funding

China zhongguancun Precision Medicine science and technology foundation 2020-HX-3National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding of China 2022-NHLHCRF-LX-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCigarette smoking has been reported to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion, while little is known about the effect of its dual use with e-cigarettes. This study aimed to investigate whether tobacco product use patterns including e-cigarette use were linked with delayed negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2.

methodsAn online national survey was conducted from January 28 through February 21, 2023, targeting a community-based population in mainland of China after peak waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Participants were followed from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms until the negative conversion day or the day of answering the questionnaire as the endpoint of the study. Multi-variable adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 across different cigarette and e-cigarette use patterns.

resultsA total of 66,537 participants infected with COVID-19 were enrolled and 13,294 were included in the analyses. During the median duration of 7 days (interquartile range 5 to 10 days), a total of 11,587 (87.2%) had a negative conversion. Compared with never users, current exclusive smokers (multi-variable adjusted HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48-0.71), current dual users (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.22-0.44), and previous smokers (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.83) took longer to turn negative after 10 days of follow-up.

conclusionsBoth current exclusive cigarette use and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes were associated with the delayed negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2, which strengthens the importance of smoking and vaping cessation messaging and community-based tobacco control strategies during pandemics like COVID-19 next time.

Indexed as

Cigarette SmokingCOVID-19Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsSARS-CoV-2Tobacco ProductsVapingAdolescentAdultAgedChinaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesChinaCOVID-19Dual useNegative conversionSmokingTobacco

Identifiers

PMID39901130
PMCPMC11792595

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.