Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39906648›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2025

Restoring tendon microenvironment in tendinopathy: Macrophage modulation and tendon regeneration with injectable tendon hydrogel and tendon-derived stem cells exosomes.

Danmei Li, Shuai Li, Shukun He, Hongpu He, Guangxun Yuan, Binbin Ma, Yijun Zhang, Chengjie Yuan, Zhiqin Liu, Zhenhan Deng and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  11. The cellular basis of fibrotic tendon healing: now in higher definition.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026
    Review
  12. The Role of Phagocytic Cells in the Achilles Tendon.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Danmei LiDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Shuai LiDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Shukun HeDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Hongpu HeDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Guangxun YuanDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Binbin MaDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Yijun ZhangDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Chengjie YuanDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
Zhiqin LiuDepartment of Orthopaedics, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 412007, China.
Zhenhan DengDepartment of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Jian XuDepartment of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal disorder in which a significant number of patients do not attain effective therapeutic outcomes. The extent of the inflammatory response and the dynamics of collagen synthesis metabolism are critical factors that influence the intrinsic self-repair capacity of tendons. However, the poor microenvironment within the tendon significantly impedes the self-repair process in tendinopathy. In this study, an injectable tendon-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (tdECM) hydrogel was utilized to treat tendinopathy. This hydrogel provides a more cytocompatible microenvironment while retaining certain bioactive factors of native tendon extracellular matrix (ECM), compared to collagen hydrogel. Notably, it was discovered for the first time that the tdECM hydrogel promotes M2 macrophage polarization, thereby exerting an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. Furthermore, utilizing tdECM as a carrier for the sustained release of tendon-derived stem cells exosomes (TDSCs-Exos), our findings from both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the tdECM hydrogel, in conjunction with exosomes, demonstrated a pronounced synergistic enhancement in modulating inflammation, promoting M2 macrophage polarization, and facilitating tendon regeneration and repair efficacy. These results suggest its potential as a promising therapeutic strategy for tendon disorders.

Indexed as

HydrogelMacrophageTendinopathyTendon-derived extracellular matrixTendon-derived stem cell exosomes

Identifiers

PMID39906648
PMCPMC11791013

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.