ArticlePharmacoEconomics2025
EQ-5D-5L or EQ-HWB-S: Which is the Better Instrument for Capturing Spillover Effects in Parental Carers of Children with COVID-19?
Article in PharmacoEconomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of Allergen-Specific Subcutaneous Immunotherapy on 12-Month Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Their Parental Caregivers.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2026Article
- Validation of EQ-HWB-9 among Chinese college students based on a nationwide survey.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Exploring relative health spillover effects within the context of dementia using the EQ-HWB-9.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Measuring and valuing spillover effects in caregivers and families: A scoping review.PloS one · 2026Article
- EQ Health and Wellbeing EQ-HWB: A Psychometric Assessment Across 6 Conditions and the General Population in the United Kingdom.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2025Article
- Validation of EuroQol instruments in paediatric patients and their caregivers in China: protocol for a prospective observational study.BMJ open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectives'Caregiver health spillovers' refer to the broader impacts of an individual's illness and interventions on informal caregivers' health and well-being. This study focuses on the spillover effects experienced by parental carers of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), aiming to compare the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L and the experimental EQ Health and Wellbeing Short version (EQ-HWB-S) in capturing these effects.
methodsA longitudinal study was conducted with 861 parental carers of children aged 0-18 years with COVID-19 and 231 parents of healthy children as the control group. The EQ-5D-5L and EQ-HWB-S were used to assess parental health and well-being. Analyses included known-groups validity (multivariable regression), test-retest reliability (Gwet's AC1, intraclass correlation coefficient) and responsiveness to health improvement (Glass' Δ effect size).
resultsParents of infected children reported more problems than those of healthy controls. The EQ-HWB-S better discriminated between sub-groups defined by the child's COVID-19 presence, caring time and work impact. Test-retest reliability was fair to good for EQ-HWB-S dimensions (Gwet's AC1: 0.33-0.79), moderate to good for EQ-5D-5L (Gwet's AC1: 0.40-0.76), and good for index scores and EQ VAS (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.70-0.77). Parental health and well-being improved as children recovered, with the EQ-5D-5L showing slightly higher responsiveness (effect size: 0.77-0.87) than EQ-HWB-S (effect size: 0.62-0.74).
conclusionsBoth EQ-HWB-S and EQ-5D-5L are valid, reliable and responsive for measuring parental spillover effects related to a child's COVID-19 infection. EQ-HWB-S outperformed in distinguishing social and emotional impacts of caregiving, while EQ-5D-5L better captured physical health improvements. The choice between tools may depend on study objectives.
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