Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39909293›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of medicine2025

Prevalence, Disparities, and Mortality of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in US Adults, 2011-2018.

Ji-Eun Kim, Jungnam Joo, Kayode O Kuku, Carolina Downie, Maryam Hashemian, Tiffany M Powell-Wiley, Joseph J Shearer, Véronique L Roger

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ji-Eun KimHeart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.
Jungnam JooOffice of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
Kayode O KukuHeart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
Carolina DownieHeart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
Maryam HashemianHeart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
Tiffany M Powell-WileySocial Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
Joseph J ShearerHeart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Electronic address: joe.shearer@nih.gov.
Véronique L RogerHeart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.

Funding

Multi Scale Phenotyping of Heart Failure in Diverse PopulationsZIAHL006297 · NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE · 2025 to 2025
$661k
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 HL999999Intramural NIH HHS ZIA HL006297
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome reflects the complex interplay between metabolic risk factors, cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Differences in disease burden by demographics, social determinants of health, and mortality are not well characterized.

methodsData from adults who completed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018 were used to estimate age-adjusted prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages. Joinpoint regression was used to identify linear trends. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to examine all-cause mortality risk by stages.

resultsAmong 8474 adults in the study, the median age was 46.8 years, 49.1% were male, and 65.0% were non-Hispanic White. Age-adjusted prevalence of stages 0-4 were 11.2%, 28.1%, 47.4%, 5.3%, and 8.1%, respectively. The highest proportion of stage 4 was among adults aged ≥60 years, males, and non-Hispanic Black individuals. The advanced stages 3-4 were associated with lower educational attainment, income, and employment and higher mortality with a crude death rate of 188.8 per 1000 person-years.

conclusionApproximately 13% of adults were in advanced stages, which disproportionately affect non-Hispanic Black adults and increased over time. These results provide a roadmap for targeted intervention strategies.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesHealth Status DisparitiesMetabolic SyndromeRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysPrevalenceRisk FactorsUnited StatesCardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndromeChronic kidney diseaseMetabolic syndromeMortality

Identifiers

PMID39909293
PMCPMC12092198

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.