ArticleCellular & molecular immunology2025
Cell-associated galectin 9 interacts with cytotoxic T cells confers resistance to tumor killing in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through autophagy activation.
Article in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The ubiquitin-proteasome system is an important driver of EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression: a meta-analysis of transcriptomic data.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- HMGB1 Post-Translational Modifications in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Evidence, Emerging Mechanistic Concepts, and Unresolved Questions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Single-cell sequencing reveals an immunotherapy-relevant IFITM1-marked epithelial interferon state in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Long-read sequencing reveals widespread novel splicing and neojunction-derived neoantigens in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Genome research · 2026Article
- Harnessing the immune microenvironment: advances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma immunotherapy.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Galectins at the crossroads of tumor immunity, metabolism, and metastasis: mechanisms, therapeutic resistance, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Autophagy inhibition in LGALS9-overexpressing nasopharyngeal carcinoma unleashes immune response.Autophagy · 2025Article
- Age-related remodeling of the sialoglycans dampens murine CD8Science advances · 2025Article
- Galectin-9-An Emerging Glyco-Immune Checkpoint Target for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics profile the interaction ofTranslational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Hypoxia and activation of hypoxia inducible factor alpha as influencers of inflammatory helper T cells in autoimmune disease - a link between cancer and autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immune effector cells, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play essential roles in eliminating cancer cells. However, their functionality is often compromised, even when they infiltrate the tumor microenvironment (TME) or are transferred to cancer patients adoptively. In this study, we focused on galectin 9 (G9), an inhibitory ligand that we observed to be predominately positioned on the plasma membrane and readily interacts with CD8 + CTL in the TME of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We discovered that cell-cell contact between activated effector CTLs and target tumor cells (TarTC) with G9 overexpression led to cellular death defects. Despite the formation of CTL-TarTC conjugates, there is no impact on the cell number nor viability of CTL, and the release of cytolytic content and associated activity were not completely abrogated. Instead, this interaction promoted autophagy and restricted necrosis in the TarTC. Furthermore, reducing G9 expression in tumor cells enhanced the suppressive effect on tumor growth upon adoptive transfer of activated effector CTL. Additionally, inhibiting autophagy effectively controlled tumor growth in cases of G9 overexpression. Therefore, we highlight the contribution of G9 in facilitating the resistance of NPC to CTL-mediated killing by inducing a selection-cell death state in tumor cells, characterized by increased autophagy and decreased necrosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.