Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39911380›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025

Progress in immune microenvironment, immunotherapy and prognostic biomarkers in pediatric osteosarcoma.

Lin Zhang, Haoming Jiang, Haichao Ma

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Molecular mechanism ofTranslational cancer research · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Lin Zhang *Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Haoming Jiang *Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Haichao MaDepartment of Pediatrics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pediatric osteosarcoma, the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor in children, is marked by aggressive progression and a generally poor prognosis. Despite advances in treatment, including multi-agent chemotherapy, survival rates remain suboptimal, with metastasis, particularly to the lungs, contributing significantly to mortality. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in osteosarcoma progression, with immune cells such as tumor-associated macrophages and T lymphocytes significantly influencing tumor behavior. The immunosuppressive environment, dominated by M2 macrophages, contributes to immune evasion and poor therapeutic outcomes, though recent findings suggest the potential for reprogramming these cells to enhance immune responses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the immune landscape in pediatric osteosarcoma, with a focus on the role of immune cells and their interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). It examines the impact of immune checkpoints, genetic mutations, and inflammatory pathways on osteosarcoma progression, highlighting their contribution to tumor immune evasion and disease advancement. Additionally, emerging immunotherapeutic strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, macrophage reprogramming, and antibody-based therapies, are summarized in detail, showcasing their potential to improve therapeutic outcomes.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorBone NeoplasmsImmunotherapyOsteosarcomaTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsChildHumansPrognosisTumor-Associated MacrophagesBiomarkers, TumorbiomarkersICBimmunosuppressive environmentimmunotherapyPD-1pediatric osteosarcoma

Identifiers

PMID39911380
PMCPMC11794274

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.