Observational studyPloS one2025
Clinical, immune and genetic risk factors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury in Zambian children: A study protocol.
Observational study in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Malaria-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Key Driver of Mortality in Endemic Regions.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2026Review
- Risk of acute kidney injury following intravenous iodinated contrast exposure among pediatric population: a narrative review.Pediatric radiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) affects nearly half of children with severe malaria and increases the risk of adverse outcomes such as death and poor cognitive function. The pathogenesis and predictors of malaria-associated acute kidney injury (MAKI) are not fully described. This study aims to determine the clinical, immune, and genetic correlates of risk to AKI in Zambian children admitted with malaria. In addition, we intend to assess a modified renal angina index (mRAI), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR), when done on the first day of admission, for the ability to predict AKI two days later (day 3) in children admitted with malaria.
methodsThis is an unmatched case-control study with a nested prospective observational study. A case-to-control ratio of 1:1 is used and 380 children with malaria and aged less than 16 years are being recruited from two hospitals in Zambia. Eligible children are recruited after obtaining written informed consent. Recruitment occurs during the malaria season and began on 6th March 2024 and will continue until July 2025. AKI is defined using the 2012 KIDGO AKI creatinine criteria, and cases are defined as children admitted with malaria who develop AKI within 72 hours of admission, while controls are children admitted with malaria but with no AKI. Serum creatinine is collected on Day 1 within 24 hours of admission, on Day 3 and then again on discharge or day 7, whichever comes sooner. Baseline biomarker concentrations will be determined using the Luminex multiplex Elisa system or high-sensitivity ELISA. SPSS version 29 will be used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests will be run as appropriate. A p ≤ 0.05 will be considered as significant. The sensitivity, specificity, and estimates of the area under the curve (AUC) for the renal angina score will be determined.
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Registered trials
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