Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39919031›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025

Clinical Course of COVID-19 in Children With Adrenal Insufficiency: Results From National Data.

Donatella Capalbo, Cristina Moracas, Laura Guazzarotti, Federico Baronio, Marianna Rita Stancampiano, Rita Ortolano, Mariella Valenzise, Carla Bizzarri, Giuseppa Patti, Silvia Longhi and 13 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Donatella CapalboUnit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3312-8628
Cristina MoracasUnit of Pediatrics, Department of Mother and Child, University Hospital of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Laura GuazzarottiPediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Federico BaronioDepartment Hospital of Woman and Child, Pediatric Unit, IRCCS University Hospital of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Marianna Rita StancampianoDepartment of Pediatrics, Endocrine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Rita OrtolanoDepartment Hospital of Woman and Child, Pediatric Unit, IRCCS University Hospital of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Mariella ValenziseDepartment of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
Carla BizzarriUnit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy.
Giuseppa PattiDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy.
Silvia LonghiDepartment of Pediatrics, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA) Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Claudia GiavoliEndocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Chiara GuzzettiUnit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Neonatal Screening Centre, Microcitemico Pediatric Hospital, 09121 Cagliari, Italy.
Silvia ZolettoPediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Crescenza LattanzioPediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro,"  70124 Bari, Italy.
Paolo CavarzerePediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy.
Maria Elisabeth StreetDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
Maria Felicia FaienzaPediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro,"  70124 Bari, Italy.
Anna GrandoneDepartment of Child, Woman, General and Specialized Surgery University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy.
Marco CappaResearch Unit Innovative Therapies in Endocrinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5647-7519
Malgorzata Gabriela WasniewskaDepartment of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
Gianni RussoDepartment of Pediatrics, Endocrine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Mohamad MaghnieDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7183-5238
Mariacarolina SalernoUnit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1310-3300

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextThere has been concern about a potential increase in the incidence or severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in individuals with adrenal insufficiency (AI). Data on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in AI children are lacking.

objectiveEvaluate whether children with AI are more susceptible to the infection or are at risk of severe COVID-19.

methodsIn this multicenter, retrospective study among 1143 children with AI, 148 contracted SARS-CoV-2 (112 with primary, 36 with secondary AI) and were evaluated for severity and outcomes of infection, along with 74 control subjects with normal adrenal function.

resultsThe prevalence of COVID-19 in the AI cohort was 12.9%, not increased compared to pediatric Italian population in the same period. The severity was not increased in AI subjects and was classified as follows in patients vs controls: asymptomatic in 14.9% vs 10.8%; paucisymptomatic in 33.8% vs 37.8%; mild in 45.3% vs 45.9%; severe in 3.4% vs 2.7%; critical in 2.7% vs 2.7%. Among those with severe COVID, 4 patients with AI (2.7%) and 3 controls (4%) developed pneumonia while 3 patients with PAI (2%) and 2 controls (2.7%) developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome (P not statistically significant). Only 5 patients (3.4%) experienced an adrenal crisis during a severe COVID-19. The hospitalization rate was the same in patients vs controls (9.5%). All subjects completely recovered, and no COVID-related deaths were documented.

conclusionOur findings do not indicate that AI is associated with increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or higher risk for severe COVID-19 in children.

Indexed as

Adrenal InsufficiencyCOVID-19AdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantItalyMalePrevalenceRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness Indexadrenal crisisadrenal insufficiencyCOVID-19pandemicSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID39919031
PMCPMC12448629

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.