Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39921384›Full record

ReviewJournal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society2025

Regulatory Guidelines for the Analysis of Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins.

Yomnah Y Elsayed, Toni Kühl, Diana Imhof

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yomnah Y ElsayedPharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Toni KühlPharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Diana ImhofPharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4163-7334

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SPP1934
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Peptides and proteins have become increasingly important in the treatment of various diseases, including infections, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Over the past decades, the number of approved peptide- and protein-based drugs has grown significantly, now accounting for about 25% of the global pharmaceutical market. This increase has been recorded since the introduction of the first therapeutic peptide, insulin, in 1921. Therapeutic peptides and proteins offer several advantages over small molecule drugs, including high specificity, potency, and safety; however, they also face challenges related to instability in liquid formulations. To address this issue, numerous formulation techniques have been developed to enhance their stability. In either state, physical and chemical characterization of the peptide or protein of interest is crucial for ensuring the identity, purity, and activity of these therapeutic agents. Regulatory bodies such as the FDA, ICH, and EMA have established guidelines for the analysis, stability testing, and quality control of peptides and biologics to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these drugs. In the present review, these guidelines and the consequences thereof are summarized and provided to support the notion of developing tailored bioanalytical workflows for each peptide or protein drug.

Indexed as

PeptidesProteinsGuidelines as TopicHumansUnited StatesPeptidesProteinsbioanalyticsexcipientsformulationguidelinespeptidesproteins

Identifiers

PMID39921384
PMCPMC11806371

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.