Evidence mapPaperPMID 39921732Full record

ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2025

Considerations on the sustainability of hypercholesterolemia treatment in the context of new drugs on the market: data from Campania, Italy.

Francesco Ferrara, Andrea Zovi, Roberto Langella, Angela Panico, Manlio Scognamiglio, Ugo Trama, Eduardo Nava, Maurizio Capuozzo, Ferdinando Primiano, Giuseppe Russo

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Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Francesco FerraraPharmacy Department, Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Dell'amicizia Street 22, 80035, Nola, Naples, Italy. f.ferrara@aslnapoli3sud.it.ORCID 0000-0001-9298-6783
Andrea ZoviMinistry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6528-2171
Roberto LangellaItalian Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SIFO), SIFO Secretariat of the Lombardy Region, Via Carlo Farini, 81, 20159, Milan, Italy.
Angela PanicoUniversity of Naples Federico II, Domenico Montesano Street, 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
Manlio ScognamiglioPharmaceutical Department, Asl Salerno, Salvatore Giordano Street 7, 84014, Nocera Inferiore, Salerno, Italy.
Ugo TramaGeneral Direction for Health Protection and Coordination of the Campania Regional Health System, Naples, Italy.
Eduardo NavaDirector Pharmacy Department, Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Dell'amicizia Street 22, 80035, Nola, Naples, Italy.
Maurizio CapuozzoPharmaceutical Department, Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Marittima Street 3, 80056, Ercolano, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9488-6057
Ferdinando PrimianoHealthcare Director Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Marconi Street 66, 80059, Torre del Greco, Naples, Italy.
Giuseppe RussoGeneral Director Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Marconi Street 66, 80059, Torre del Greco, Naples, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Statins have been the primary treatment for reducing LDL cholesterol for years; however, adverse events related to their use have led to the development of alternative therapies, such as ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, and PCSK9 inhibitors, including alirocumab, evolocumab, and inclisiran. The study is aimed at comparing the consumption and costs of lipid-lowering drugs in the first half of 2023 (21,446,011.54 DDD and 10,974,495.47 €) and 2024 (19,493,540.71 DDD and 12,260,634.95 €) to assess the economic impact of new therapies in the management of dyslipidemia and adherence to guidelines. Dispensing data, without access to patient data, were collected from private community pharmacies and hospital and district pharmacies. Drug consumption was measured using the ATC classification system and the defined daily dose (DDD). The study revealed a trend toward a reduction in the use of traditional statin monotherapy and an increase in more recent and combined therapies. Statins showed a significant reduction from 42% in the first half of 2023 to 30% in the first half of 2024. Combined therapies, such as statins with ezetimibe, showed no change in trend, maintaining a 17% share in both periods. New therapies, such as PCSK9 inhibitors, demonstrated an increase from 33% in the first half of 2023 to 40% in the first half of 2024, while bempedoic acid, either as monotherapy or in combination with ezetimibe, remained below 2%. In recent years, the treatment of dyslipidemia has seen the introduction of many therapeutic alternatives. Bempedoic acid, recently introduced and less expensive, when used as an adjunct therapy with statins and ezetimibe, could reduce side effects and improve therapeutic efficacy without immediately resorting to higher-cost injectable drugs such as evolocumab, alirocumab, and inclisiran. Monitoring prescription trends and costs is essential to maintain the sustainability of the healthcare system, enabling investments in innovation and effective therapies without waste.

Indexed as

Anticholesteremic AgentsHypercholesterolemiaDrug CostsHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsItalyPCSK9 InhibitorsAnticholesteremic AgentsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsPCSK9 InhibitorsBempedoic acidCholesterolDyslipidemiaPCSK9SiRNAStatins

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.