Evidence mapPaperPMID 39922269Full record

ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2025

Rural-Urban Differences in Patient-Sharing by Clinicians Caring for Children with Medical Complexity: Network Analysis of the Pediatric Workforce in Three States.

Erika L Moen, Seneca D Freyleue, Mary Arakelyan, Andrew P Schaefer, A James O'Malley, David C Goodman, JoAnna K Leyenaar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Rural-urban disparities in primary care and geographic continuity of care for children with medical complexity.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Erika L MoenDepartment of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.
Seneca D FreyleueThe Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.
Mary ArakelyanDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH.
Andrew P SchaeferThe Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.
A James O'MalleyDepartment of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.
David C GoodmanThe Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH.
JoAnna K LeyenaarThe Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH. Electronic address: JoAnna.K.Leyenaar@hitchcock.org.

Funding

Translational Engineering in Cancer (TEC)P30CA023108 · NCI · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · 1985 to 2025
$35.3M
Urban-Rural Disparities in Healthcare Quality for Children with Complex or Disabling Health ConditionsR01MD014735 · NIMHD · DARTMOUTH-HITCHCOCK CLINIC · PI JoAnna Leyenaar · 2022 to 2023
$1.5M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA023108NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD014735
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine rural-urban differences in the clinician workforce caring for children with medical complexity (CMC) in ambulatory settings and to determine how measures of clinician patient-sharing differ for rural- and urban-residing CMC. STUDY

designWe analyzed Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Colorado all-payer claims data from 2012 through 2017 to identify CMC and their clinicians. We assembled patient-sharing networks in which clinicians were connected on the basis of having encounters with common pediatric patients. We evaluated rural-urban differences in CMC care team size, composition (ie, which specialists were included), and care density (ie, extent to which a CMC's care team shared patients) and network measures of primary care clinician (PCC) centrality (eg, number of patient-sharing relationships).

resultsAnalysis included 107 692 CMC, of whom 7065 (7.0%) were rural-residing and 100 627 (93.0%) were urban-residing. Rural-residing CMC had lower relative risk of having a PCC specialized in pediatrics (relative risk 0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.89) compared with urban-residing CMC. Despite having similarly sized care teams, rural-residing CMC had substantially lower care density (median [IQR] = 21.6 [7.9, 72.8]) compared with urban-residing CMC (median [IQR] = 48.3 [13.0, 158.7]). Rural PCC were less central in the networks and had a greater percentage of connections with advanced practice providers compared with their urban counterparts (median [IQR] = 19.2 [14.3, 24.5] vs 14.3 [7.5, 23.4]).

conclusionsOur study provides new insight into the clinicians and teams caring for CMC. Rural-residing CMC were more likely to receive care from clinicians with fewer connections and lower care density, reflecting fewer shared patients within the team. Programs supporting care of CMC may benefit from recognizing rural-urban differences in team composition and relationships between clinicians.

Indexed as

PediatricsRural PopulationUrban PopulationChildChild, PreschoolColoradoFemaleHumansMaleMassachusettsNew HampshirePatient Care Teamchildren with medical complexityhealth services researchpediatric workforce

Identifiers

PMID39922269
PMCPMC12009207

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.