Evidence mapPaperPMID 39923808Full record

SynthesisEuropean heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy2025

Comparative cardiovascular effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease phenotypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yu-Min Lin, Jheng-Yan Wu, Mei-Chuan Lee, Chen-Lun Su, Han Siong Toh, Wei-Ting Chang, Sih-Yao Chen, Fang-Hsiu Kuo, Hsin-Ju Tang, Chia-Te Liao

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yu-Min LinDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Hospital, Chiali, Tainan City, 722, Taiwan.
Jheng-Yan WuDepartment of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Centre, Tainan City, 710, Taiwan.
Mei-Chuan LeeDepartment of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Centre, Tainan City, 710, Taiwan.
Chen-Lun SuDepartment of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Centre, Tainan City, 710, Taiwan.
Han Siong TohDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Centre, Tainan City, 710, Taiwan.
Wei-Ting ChangDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Centre, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan.
Sih-Yao ChenDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Centre, 704, Taiwan.
Fang-Hsiu KuoDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Centre, 704, Taiwan.
Hsin-Ju TangDepartment of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan.
Chia-Te LiaoDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Centre, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-2550-9607

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) encompasses various phenotypes with elevated risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). This study aimed to assess the comparative cardiovascular effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) across diverse ASCVD phenotypes. METHODS AND

resultsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating GLP-1 RAs or SGLT2is against placebo or standard care in ASCVD patients. Primary outcomes included MACE, defined as cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model.Twenty-six trials (151 789 patients) were included. Both GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2is significantly reduced MACE rates in ASCVD patients (RR 0.85; 95% CI 0.80-0.91 for both). GLP-1 RAs showed significant effectiveness in peripheral artery disease (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.76-0.98) and post-acute cardiovascular events (RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.83-0.97). In ASCVD with heart failure, both drug classes reduced MACE (GLP-1 RAs: RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.63-0.84; SGLT2is: RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78-0.95). SGLT2is significantly reduced MACE in ASCVD with chronic kidney disease (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.72-0.99), particularly in severe albuminuria (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.37-0.99).

conclusionGLP-1 RAs and SGLT2is exhibit distinct cardiovascular effectiveness profiles across ASCVD phenotypes. GLP-1 RAs show particular benefits in peripheral artery disease and post-acute cardiovascular events, while SGLT2is demonstrate unique advantages in ASCVD with comorbid chronic kidney disease. Both are effective in heart failure. These findings support tailored treatment strategies for diverse ASCVD participants based on specific comorbidities and risk factors.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsIncretinsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAgedFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypeRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeGLP1R protein, humanGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsIncretinsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseComparative effectivenessGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsSodium-–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID39923808
PMCPMC11905764

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.