ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology2025
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: a historical and comprehensive review.
Review in American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping the global landscape of research on immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated cardiotoxicity: A quantitative and visualized bibliometric study (2016-2025).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Human biomarker navigator.iMeta · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Imaging Detects Early Cardiac Changes Following Cancer Immunotherapy.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics of cardiac biomarkers in therapy‑related cardiotoxicity: a prospective cardio‑oncology cohort study.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Triple-M Overlap Syndrome Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A FAERS Pharmacovigilance Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Relationship between hemodynamic forces based on CMR and major adverse cardiac events in cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Related Cardiovascular Toxicities in Cancer: A Mechanistic Review of Molecular Pathways with AI-Assisted Literature Clustering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Key immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated toxicities: from molecular mechanisms to clinical management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic drivers of PD-L1/CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitor-associated immune toxicity and systemic organ injury.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular toxicity induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: mechanisms linking immune dysregulation and myocardial fibrosis.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: from T cell imbalance to multicellular crosstalk.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and biomarkers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis: a comprehensive analysis of clinical manifestations and prognostic factors.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis and pericarditis: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database.BMC cancer · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The most fatal side effect associated with revolutionary immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) cancer therapies is myocarditis, a rare and devastating complication with a mortality rate approaching 40%. This review comprehensively examines the limited knowledge surrounding this recently recognized condition, emphasizing the absence of evidence-based therapeutic strategies, diagnostic modalities, and reliable biomarkers that hinder effective management. It explores advancements in preclinical models that are uncovering disease mechanisms and enabling the identification of therapeutic targets. These efforts have informed the design of early clinical trials aimed at reducing mortality. With the growing prevalence of ICI therapies in oncology, addressing critical gaps, such as long-term outcomes and risk stratification, has become increasingly urgent. By synthesizing current evidence, this work seeks to enhance understanding and guide the development of strategies to improve patient outcomes and ensure the continued safe use of ICIs in cancer care.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.