ArticleACS omega2025
Enhanced and Sustained Transdermal Delivery of Oxypurinol Using Thermosensitive Gel Combined with Polymeric Solid Microneedles.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Article
- Advances in drug delivery systems for the management of gout and hyperuricemia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gout is a pathological condition caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition in tissues. Allopurinol, the first-line therapy, inhibits xanthine oxidase but may be ineffective due to reduced conversion to oxypurinol (OXY). Current delivery routes for OXY, including oral and intravenous routes, have drawbacks such as poor solubility and patient discomfort. This study developed a delivery system integrating thermosensitive gel (TRG) containing OXY with polymeric solid microneedles (PSMNs). Molecular docking demonstrated high-affinity binding interactions between OXY and Pluronic (-2.5). The TRG, formulated with Pluronic F127 and F68, was assessed for gelation temperature, pH, spreadability, and bioadhesive strength. PSMN, made from poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 with citric acid, was evaluated for mechanical strength and skin penetration. In vitro hemolysis activity, drug release, and ex vivo permeation studies were conducted. Molecular docking results showed stable binding with an affinity of -2.5 between the ligands of OXY and Pluronic. The TRG formulation exhibited promising characteristics for transdermal drug delivery. PSMN demonstrated good mechanical strength and was able to penetrate up to 504 μm. Hemolysis testing showed that PSMN and TSG were safe with a hemolysis ratio of less than 5%. In vitro drug release studies showed a high OXY release of 2.24 ± 0.26 mg with the highest concentration of Pluronic F68, displaying a sustained release profile. Ex vivo permeation studies showed a significant difference (
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.