ArticleBiological psychiatry global open science2025
Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Scotland-Wide Naturalistic Study of 4826 Treatment Episodes.
Article in Biological psychiatry global open science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characteristics and outcomes of early-terminated acute electroconvulsive therapy courses: A retrospective cohort study.Dusunen adam : Bakirkoy Ruh ve Sinir Hastaliklari Hastanesi yayin organi · 2026Article
- Article
- State-of-the-art treatment of postpartum bipolar disorder.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of intravenously applied caffeine augmentation in electroconvulsive therapy.Neuroscience applied · 2025Article
- Variables associated with clinical outcomes and switching from unilateral to bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy: a retrospective study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment option for several psychiatric disorders, including treatment-resistant depression, but there are concerns about potential adverse effects, particularly on cognition. This study describes ECT response and side effects in the Scottish ECT Audit Network. Methods: Data collected from 4826 treatment episodes includes pre-ECT and post-ECT illness severity scores (Clinical Global Impression-Severity [CGI-S] and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS]), diagnosis, age, sex, consent status, treatment year, treatment frequency, dose, and reported side effects. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the response to ECT by diagnosis, and logistic regression was used to investigate which factors influenced ECT response and side-effect occurrence. Results: CGI-S scale scores were reduced after ECT in all diagnoses. For patients with depression or bipolar depression, MADRS scores were also reduced after ECT. The most common side effect was headaches (29%). Increased age and increased CGI-S scores were significantly associated (multiple-testing corrected Conclusions: In a large observational outcome study of ECT, ECT appears to be effective (measured by reduction in CGI-S or MADRS scores) across a range of psychiatric diagnoses. Furthermore, increased age and increased illness severity scores at entry were the variables most significantly associated with treatment response and cognitive side effects.
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