Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39930214›Full record

ReviewAdvances in experimental medicine and biology2025

Mechanism of Photoreceptor Outer Segment Tip Ingestion: Evidence of Trogocytosis.

Antonio E Paniagua, Andrew Chang, David S Williams

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Antonio E PaniaguaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. paniagua@ucla.edu.
Andrew ChangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
David S WilliamsDepartment of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. dswilliams@ucla.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ingestion of the photoreceptor outer segment (OS) tips by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is an essential process for maintaining photoreceptor health and thus vision. However, it has not been clear whether this process occurs by the RPE directly biting off the OS tips or whether the tips of the OSs are shed into the subretinal space prior to their engulfment by the RPE cells. Here, we discuss the lack of evidence of shed OS tips, and point to new live-cell evidence that shows that the RPE cells actively nibble the OS tips, indicating that OS tip ingestion occurs through a mechanism known as trogocytosis. The distinction between whole particle engulfment and trogocytosis is more than semantic since trogocytosis includes the rupture of the target cell's membrane.

Indexed as

PhagocytosisRetinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer SegmentRetinal Pigment EpitheliumAnimalsHumansOuter segmentPhagocytosisPhotoreceptorRetinal pigment epitheliumSheddingTrogocytosis

Identifiers

PMID39930214

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.