Evidence mapPaperPMID 39930484Full record

SynthesisSystematic reviews2025

The efficacy and safety of bivalirudin and heparin in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

You Zhai, Hongcai Shang, Yan Li, Nan Zhang, Jisi Zhang, Shangwen Wu

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Systematic reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

You ZhaiKey Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Haiyuncang Lane 5, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China. zhaiyou036@163.com.ORCID 0000-0003-1803-5191
Hongcai ShangKey Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Haiyuncang Lane 5, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China. shanghongcai@foxmail.com.ORCID 0000-0001-6628-354X
Yan LiHenan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshui Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
Nan ZhangHenan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshui Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
Jisi ZhangHenan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshui Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
Shangwen WuThe First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at high risk of thrombosis. However, bleeding-related complications during antithrombotic therapy remain a major barrier to effective treatment and can often lead to adverse outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin and heparin in patients with ACS after PCI.

methodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin versus heparin in patients with ACS after PCI were identified from the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP database until August 2024. The outcomes included all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, short-term bleeding, revascularization, and retransfusion. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 softwares. The included studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool.

resultsA total of 70,199 patients from 27 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed in this review. There were no significant differences between the bivalirudin and heparin groups in terms of all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), recurrent myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis within 30 days, or subacute stent thrombosis. Specifically, the incidence of short-term bleeding (P = 0.001) and retransfusion (P = 0.001) was significantly lower in the bivalirudin group compared to the heparin group. Conversely, the incidence of acute stent thrombosis (P < 0.0001) and revascularization (P = 0.009) was significantly higher in the bivalirudin group.

conclusionsCompared with heparin, bivalirudin has definite anticoagulant effect in patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI, and the risk of bleeding and the incidence of retransfusion were lower in the bivalirudin group. This review helps doctors in PCI management choose bivalirudin or heparin more precisely based on patients' conditions for better treatment and fewer adverse events.

Indexed as

Acute Coronary SyndromeAnticoagulantsAntithrombinsHeparinHirudinsPeptide FragmentsHemorrhageHumansPercutaneous Coronary InterventionRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRecombinant ProteinsThrombosisAnticoagulantsAntithrombinsbivalirudinHeparinHirudinsPeptide FragmentsRecombinant ProteinsAcute coronary syndromeBivalirudinHeparinMeta-analysisPercutaneous coronary artery

Identifiers

PMID39930484
PMCPMC11808951

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.