Enhancing the Fluorescence and Antimicrobial Performance of Carbon Dots via Hypochlorite Treatment.

Spyridon Gavalas, Mohammed S Beg, Ella N Gibbons, Antonios Kelarakis

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Spyridon GavalasUCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1399-9311

Mohammed S BegUCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.

Ella N GibbonsUCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4931-2681

Antonios KelarakisUCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8112-5176

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents a simple, post-synthesis treatment of carbon dots (C-dots) that relies on the oxidizing activity of sodium hypochlorite to induce surface oxidation, etching and pronounced structural rearrangements. The thus treated C-dots (ox-C-dots) exhibit up to six-fold enhancement in quantum yield compared to non-oxidised analogues, while maintaining low levels of cytotoxicity against HeLa and U87 cell lines. In addition, we demonstrate that a range of polymeric materials (polyurethane sponge, polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, polyester fabric) impregnated with ox-C-dots show advanced antifungal properties against

Indexed as

antifungalcarbon dotsetchingfluorescencesodium hypochlorite

Identifiers

PMID39940160

DOI10.3390/nano15030184

PMCPMC11819752

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.