Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39940241›Full record

ArticleNutrients2025

Association of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Carbohydrate Intake with Antral Follicle Counts Among Subfertile Females.

Makiko Mitsunami, Maryam Kazemi, Amy R Nichols, Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón, Victoria W Fitz, Irene Souter, Russ Hauser, Jorge E Chavarro, EARTH Study Team

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Makiko MitsunamiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02446, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6409-4515
Maryam KazemiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02446, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6001-7208
Amy R NicholsDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02446, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3085-7377
Lidia Mínguez-AlarcónDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02446, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2370-3900
Victoria W FitzFertility Center, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Irene SouterFertility Center, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Russ HauserDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02446, USA.
Jorge E ChavarroDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02446, USA.
EARTH Study Team

Funding

Translational Research Support CoreP30ES000002 · NIEHS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI JAIME ELIZABETH HART · 1985 to 2026
$44.6M
Transgenic CoreP30DK046200 · NIDDK · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI HU, FRANK B · 1992 to 2021
$25.0M
PCBs, Phthalates and Male Reproductive HealthR01ES009718 · NIEHS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI HAUSER, RUSS B · 1999 to 2018
$11.6M
Exposure to phthalates and OP flame retardants and long-term maternal cardiovascular and metabolic healthR01ES033651 · NIEHS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BRENDA M BIRMANN, Lidia Minguez Alarcon · 2022 to 2026
$3.3M
Maternal and Paternal Flame Retardant Exposure, Impact on Fertility and PregnancyR01ES022955 · NIEHS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI HAUSER, RUSS B, MEEKER, JOHN D. · 2014 to 2018
$2.9M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK046200NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES000002NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES009718NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES022955NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES033651NIH HHS R01ES009718, R01ES022955, R01ES033651, P30ES000002 and P30DK46200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesFew studies have investigated the association of dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and carbohydrate intake with antral follicle count (AFC). This study aimed to investigate the association of total carbohydrate intake and carbohydrate quality, measured by dietary GI and GL, with ovarian reserve assessed by AFC.

methodsThis study included 653 females from the Environment And Reproductive Health Study who completed AFC and food frequency questionnaire. Of these, 579 female individuals had a quantifiable AFC in both ovaries and were included in the primary analysis. We estimated average GI and GL for each participant from self-reported intakes of carbohydrate-containing foods and divided participants into tertiles. Poisson regression models were used to quantify the relations of GI, GL, carbohydrates, and AFC while adjusting for potential confounders.

resultsParticipants had a median age of 35 y. Compared to participants in the lowest tertile of dietary GI, those in the highest tertile had a 6.3% (0.6%, 12.3%) higher AFC (

conclusionsA higher dietary GI was associated with a higher AFC. Subgroup analyses among individuals who had not had a diagnostic evaluation of infertility before joining the study suggest that high-glycemic carbohydrates may be related to PCOM.

Indexed as

Dietary CarbohydratesGlycemic IndexGlycemic LoadInfertility, FemaleOvarian FollicleAdultDietFemaleHumansOvarian ReserveDietary Carbohydratesantral follicle countcarbohydrate qualityglycemic indexglycemic loadovarian reserve

Identifiers

PMID39940241
PMCPMC11820038

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.