Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39940246›Full record

ArticleNutrients2025

Cross-Sectional Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Spanish Adolescents with Mediterranean and Western Diets.

Marina Redruello-Requejo, María Del Mar Blaya, Daniel González-Reguero, Marina Robas-Mora, Javier Arranz-Herrero, Teresa Partearroyo, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Diana Penalba-Iglesias, Pedro Jiménez-Gómez, Paloma Reche-Sainz

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07271381 (THREAT), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07271381 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

THREAT: Testing Harms Related to Exposure to Allergenic and Epithelial Toxins

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)Ran2026 to 2031Enrolled120ConditionsAllergic, InflammatoryArmsEnvironmental Exposures, Control Exposures
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Marina Redruello-RequejoGrupo USP-CEU de Excelencia "Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)", Ref: E02/0720, Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9193-392X
María Del Mar BlayaDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
Daniel González-RegueroDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8221-4584
Marina Robas-MoraDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8882-372X
Javier Arranz-HerreroDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
Teresa PartearroyoGrupo USP-CEU de Excelencia "Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)", Ref: E02/0720, Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4401-1233
Gregorio Varela-MoreirasGrupo USP-CEU de Excelencia "Nutrición para la vida (Nutrition for Life)", Ref: E02/0720, Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5158-4999
Diana Penalba-IglesiasDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.ORCID 0009-0007-0024-3132
Pedro Jiménez-GómezDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0305-6889
Paloma Reche-SainzDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5239-7941

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) and the Western diet (WD), influence gut microbiota composition and functionality, which play important roles in energy metabolism and nutrient absorption.

objectivesA descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the gut microbiota of 19 Spanish adolescents and to investigate the association of MD and ultra-processed food (UPF) intake with microbial diversity and community structure.

methodsFunctional diversity of gut microbiota was evaluated using Biolog EcoPlates, taxonomic composition was assessed with 16S rRNA sequencing via MinION, and phenotypic responses to antibiotics were analyzed using the cenoantibiogram technique under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

resultsAdolescents with higher adherence to the MD exhibited greater functional diversity, as per the Shannon-Weaver index. In addition, this group showed higher abundance of bacterial genera previously described as beneficial, such as

conclusionsThese results suggest that the MD promotes a healthier and more balanced gut environment, potentially improving metabolic functions in adolescents. Despite the lack of differences in α-diversity, comparisons of microbial community structure between adolescents following the MD and those with high UPF (characteristic of the WD) showed clear differences in terms of β-diversity. These findings suggest that dietary patterns influence the composition of the gut microbiota in a more complex manner, beyond just taxonomic richness. The outcomes of this exploratory study highlight opportunities for future research to deepen understanding of the long-term health implications of these dietary patterns, as well as the mechanisms regulating the composition, functionality, and phenotypic responses to antibiotics of gut microbial communities.

Indexed as

Diet, MediterraneanDiet, WesternGastrointestinal MicrobiomeAdolescentAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaCross-Sectional StudiesFecesFemaleHumansMaleRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSpainAnti-Bacterial AgentsRNA, Ribosomal, 16S16S rRNAantibiotic resistancecenoantibiogramMediterranean dietmicrobial diversitymicrobiomemicrobiotaShannon indexultra-processed foodsWestern diet

Identifiers

PMID39940246
PMCPMC11820480

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.