ReviewNutrients2025
Cannabidiol in Foods and Food Supplements: Evaluation of Health Risks and Health Claims.
Review in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Poorly labeled CBD and related cannabinoid oils marketed in Europe: a hidden risk for consumers? Insights from a long-term study.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol in Dietary Supplements: Characteristics, Routes of Administration, Bioavailability, and Research Challenges.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cannabidiol in Food and Food Supplements: Drug, Novel Food and Hazard Triangle.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Selected Cannabinoids, Cannabimimetic Agents andPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An Accurate Method Based on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of Five Cannabinoids in Juvenile and Adult Caenorhabditis elegans.Journal of separation science · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol does not cause DNA double-strand breaks in a human liver-derived cell model.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Beyond the hype - who uses cannabidiol for self-medication - and why: a cross-sectional study in Germany.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Dietary Principles, Interventions and Oxidative Stress in Psoriasis Management: Current and Future Perspectives.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Review
- Over the counter CBD products in Germany: an exploratory survey about consumption patterns and health related effects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Cannabidiol use among elite-level Canadian athletes: the pursuit of improved sleep, pain relief, and enhanced recovery.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCannabidiol (CBD) is a cannabinoid present in the hemp plant (
methodsThe Permanent Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) reviewed the currently available data on adverse and potential beneficial effects of CBD in the dose range relevant for foods.
resultsIncreased liver enzyme activities were observed in healthy volunteers following administration of 4.3 mg CBD/kg bw/day and higher for 3-4 weeks. As lower doses were not tested, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) could not be derived, and the dose of 4.3 mg/kg bw/day was identified as the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL). Based on the CBD content and dose recommendations of CBD products on the market, the SKLM considered several exposure scenarios and concluded that the LOAEL for liver toxicity may be easily reached, e.g., via consumption of 30 drops of an oil containing 20% CBD, or even exceeded. A critical evaluation of the available data on potential beneficial health effects of CBD in the dose range at or below the LOAEL of 4.3 mg/kg bw/day revealed no scientific evidence that would substantiate health claims, e.g., in relation to physical performance, the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous system, anxiety, relaxation, stress, sleep, pain, or menstrual health.
conclusionsThe SKLM concluded that consumption of CBD-containing foods/food supplements may not provide substantiated health benefits and may even pose a health risk to consumers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.