Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39940601›Full record

ArticlePolymers2025

Surface Modification of Intumescent Flame Retardant and Its Application in Polypropylene with Excellent Fire Performance and Water Resistance.

Xuqiang Zheng, Mike Deng, Hao Jia, Xinyu Chen, Ruicheng Wang, Jun Sun, Hongfei Li, Xiaoyu Gu, Sheng Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xuqiang ZhengState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Mike DengState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Hao JiaDaqing Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute of PetroChina, Daqing 163714, China.
Xinyu ChenState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Ruicheng WangState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Jun SunState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2583-6600
Hongfei LiState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Xiaoyu GuState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Sheng ZhangState Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7131-6246

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 52373051 and 22175017
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polypropylene (PP) has a wide range of applications in daily life but it is highly flammable. Intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) are used to improve the flame-retardant performance of polypropylene. However, the poor compatibility between IFRs and PP poses significant challenges. In this study, an IFR was reacted with γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) to introduce necessary reactive sites on the surface of the IFR. Subsequently, maleic anhydride-grafted SBS (SBS-g-MAH) was reacted with KH550 to further coat the IFR, resulting in a modified IFR named MA-IFR. The effects of MA-IFR on the flame retardancy, mechanical properties, and water resistance of PP composites were systematically investigated. The limiting oxygen index of the PP/MA-IFR composite reached up to 39.7%, with the vertical burning test (UL-94) achieving a V-0 rating. Moreover, compared to the control PP, the peak heat release rate and peak smoke release rate were reduced by 85.0% and 82.5%, respectively. In addition, the mechanical properties of the PP composites were significantly improved, with tensile strength and impact strength increasing by 29% and 18%, respectively, compared to those of the PP/IFR composite. Notably, the PP/MA-IFR composite maintained excellent flame retardancy, even after being immersed in water at 70 °C for 168 h. These results demonstrate that MA-IFR offers a promising solution for producing flame-retardant and water-resistant PP composites.

Indexed as

ammonium polyphosphateintumescent flame retardantpolypropylenewater resistant

Identifiers

PMID39940601
PMCPMC11819678

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.