Evidence mapPaperPMID 39940862Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Treatment and the Most Important Complications.

Ewelina Młynarska, Witold Czarnik, Natasza Dzieża, Weronika Jędraszak, Gabriela Majchrowicz, Filip Prusinowski, Magdalena Stabrawa, Jacek Rysz, Beata Franczyk

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 151 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
151citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

151 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ewelina MłynarskaDepartment of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Witold CzarnikDepartment of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0009-0002-5502-0335
Natasza DzieżaDepartment of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Weronika JędraszakDepartment of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Gabriela MajchrowiczDepartment of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0009-0007-0447-8510
Filip PrusinowskiDepartment of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Magdalena StabrawaDepartment of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0009-0005-3490-3480
Jacek RyszDepartment of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Beata FranczykDepartment of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a prevalent chronic disease affecting over 400 million people globally, is driven by genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenesis involves insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, mediated by mechanisms such as the dedifferentiation of β-cells, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Treatment should be based on non-pharmacological therapy. Strategies such as increased physical activity, dietary modifications, cognitive-behavioral therapy are important in maintaining normal glycemia. Advanced therapies, including SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, complement these treatments and offer solid glycemic control, weight control, and reduced cardiovascular risk. Complications of T2DM, such as diabetic kidney disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy, underscore the need for early diagnosis and comprehensive management to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Indexed as

Diabetes ComplicationsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AnimalsHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin ResistanceInsulin-Secreting CellsOxidative StressSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorscardiovascular diseasechronic kidney diseasediabetes complicationsdiabetes treatmentdiabetes type 2neuropathynon-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetespathophysiology of type 2 diabetesperipheral artery diseaseretinopathystroke

Identifiers

PMID39940862
PMCPMC11817707

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.