Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39941397›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025

Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Treatment Approaches for Diabetic Kidney Disease: Current Insights and Future Perspectives.

Jean Paule Joumaa, Angela Raffoul, Charbel Sarkis, Elizabeth Chatrieh, Sally Zaidan, Philippe Attieh, Frederic Harb, Sami Azar, Hilda E Ghadieh

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Article
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  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Metabolic Crosstalk in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Synergistic Effects of Glucotoxicity and Lipotoxicity.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jean Paule JoumaaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon.ORCID 0009-0000-4393-2252
Angela RaffoulDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon.
Charbel SarkisDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon.
Elizabeth ChatriehDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon.
Sally ZaidanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon.
Philippe AttiehDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon.
Frederic HarbDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0001-5882-1619
Sami AzarDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon.
Hilda E GhadiehDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al-Koura, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0002-7983-2090

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Among individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), 30-40% are at risk of developing DKD. This review focuses on the mechanistic processes, available and emerging biomarkers for diagnosing, monitoring, and preventing DKD, as well as treatment options targeted at DKD patients. A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus using specific keywords. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select the articles used for this review. The literature highlights various mechanisms involved in the progression of DKD to more severe stages. Additionally, several biomarkers have been identified, which aid in diagnosing and monitoring the disease. Furthermore, numerous treatment approaches are being explored to address the underlying causes of DKD. Advanced research is exploring new medications to aid in DKD remission; sodium-glucose cotransport (SGLT2) inhibitors and finerenone, in particular, are gaining attention for their novel renoprotective effects. DKD is a major complication of diabetes, marked by complex and multifactorial mechanisms. Thus, understanding these processes is essential for developing targeted therapies to potentially reverse DKD progression. Biomarkers show promise for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression, while current treatment strategies underscore the importance of a multifaceted approach.

Indexed as

albuminuriaDiabetic Kidney Diseasediabetic nephropathyendstage renal diseasehyperglycemiainerenoneproteinuriaSGLT-2 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID39941397
PMCPMC11818458

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.