ArticleCancers2025
A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Age and Sex Differences in Cancer Incidence and Survival in the United States, 2001-2020.
Article in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex/gender differences in the association between behavioural factors and cancers: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with quantitative synthesis.Biology of sex differences · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in cancer incidence and survival: a Danish nationwide population-based study assessing 35 cancer sites.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- The problem with one-size-fits-all medicine: Biological sex and the aging immune system.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in cancer incidence persist across race and ethnicity.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Human Cancers Derived from Either Genetic or Lifestyle Factors Are Initiated by Impaired Estrogen Signaling.Cancers · 2025Review
- Relative survival among cancer survivors enrolled in private cancer insurance in Japan, using the internal insurance-enrolled population as the reference.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- The human testis-specific protein Y-linked (TSPY) is a male-specific cancer-testis antigen capable of eliciting significant immune responses and elimination of positive tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn cancer, age and sex are often studied individually, but the impact of the intersection of these factors on cancer incidence and survival remains unclear. Using population-level data, we provide an up-to-date analysis of the impact of sex and age on cancer incidence and survival.
methodsUsing data from the United States Cancer Statistics public use research database and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries Survival database, we assessed sex and age differences in the incidence and survival of malignant cancers diagnosed from 2001 to 2020.
resultsMales experienced higher cancer incidence than females in all sites and age groups, excluding 20-29- and 30-39-year-olds. The highest Male-to-female (M:F) age-adjusted incidence rates (IRR) were observed in mesothelioma within ages 80+ (IRR: 5.48; 95% CI: 5.25-5.71;
conclusionsSignificant age and sex differences in cancer incidence and survival were observed across the US from 2001 to 2020. Males had a higher cancer incidence compared to females, with notable exceptions for younger age groups among certain types, suggesting age may be a critical component in further understanding the biology of sex differences in cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.