Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39945892›Full record

SynthesisNeurosurgical review2025

Fluid biomarkers for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Michael R Kann, Raj Swaroop Lavadi, Alex Crane, Taim Aizooky, Angela Hardi, Hanish Polavarapu, Rohit Prem Kumar, Rida Mitha, Manan Shah, D Kojo Hamilton and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neurosurgical review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Michael R KannDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Raj Swaroop LavadiDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Alex CraneDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Taim AizookyDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Angela HardiBecker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Hanish PolavarapuDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Rohit Prem KumarDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Rida MithaDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Manan ShahDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
D Kojo HamiltonDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Nitin AgarwalDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. nitin.agarwal@upmc.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThere is a scarcity of literature exploring fluid-based biomarkers that have the potential to provide deeper insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) symptom presentation and postoperative recovery. This systematic review synthesized the literature on invasive, fluid-based biomarkers and their clinical significance with CSM. MATERIALS AND

methodsA comprehensive search strategy was developed for concepts of biomarkers and CSM. Retrieved results underwent title, abstract, and full-text screening with inclusion criteria being original research including animal or human subjects affected by CSM/compression myelopathy that investigated the relationship between a fluid-based biomarker and CSM. Risk-of-bias was reported using the OHAT Risk of Bias Rating Tool.

resultsThe search strategy resulted in 191 unique manuscripts, with 20 meeting the predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria, included in final analysis. Of these, 15 (75.0%) were human studies, two (10.0%) were animal studies, and three studies (15.0%) included both human and animal subjects. Across human studies, the fluid utilized for biomarker assessment was blood, (N = 8, 44.4%), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (N = 9, 50.0%), and both blood and CSF (N = 1, 5.6%). The three most common biomarkers assessed across human studies were NSE (N = 4, 22.2%), S100b (N = 4, 22.2%), and pNF-H (N = 4, 22.2%). Risk of bias due to inadequate comparison groups was present in three human studies (16.7%) and two animal studies (40%).

conclusionsThis comprehensive systematic review identified several associations between blood and CSF-based neural, glial, and inflammatory biomarkers and CSM. However, the vast heterogeneity across studies renders it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Future research within larger, prospective patient cohorts is needed to fully elucidate the utility these biomarkers may hold in the clinical evaluation of patients with CSM.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCervical VertebraeSpinal Cord CompressionSpinal Cord DiseasesSpondylosisAnimalsHumansBiomarkersCervical Spondylotic MyelopathyDiagnosisFluid BiomarkersInvasive BiomarkersPrognosis

Identifiers

PMID39945892

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.